【作者】 余兰兰；

【导师】 钟秦；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 化学工程与技术， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 以城市污水厂生化活性污泥及剩余污泥和石化污水厂剩余污泥为原料，采用化学活化法制备了用于污水处理的吸附剂，并对其进行了物化性质表征。结果表明活化剂ZnCl₂与H₂SO₄浓度均为5mol·L^-1、固液比为1：2.5、热解温度和时间分别为550℃和2h的条件下，制备的吸附剂性能最好；在投加量为0.5％的条件下，活性污泥吸附剂对废水COD、总磷及色度的去除率分别为63.2％、98.3％和87.5％；流速为20mL·h^-1时动态吸附穿透时间为12h，加热法再生2次后穿透时间为10h；在投加量为0.05％的条件下，石化污泥吸附剂对含油废水含油去除率为94.3％；等温吸附过程可用Freundlich模型描述。 城市污水厂剩余污泥采用热解法制备了烟气脱硫吸附剂，并进行了物化性质表征。结果表明在原料粒径为0.1cm～0.5cm、N₂流量为30L·h^-1、热解温度和时间分别为550℃和1h的条件下，制备的吸附剂性能最好；在SO₂入口浓度2021.38mg·m^-3、O₂含量12％、气体流速和温度分别为4.25m·min^-1和40℃的模拟烟气条件下，污泥吸附剂的脱硫效率为75.3％，吸附容量为8.68mg·g^-1，水洗法再生2次后，脱硫效率下降至66.2％，吸附容量为6.25mg·g^-1；在SO₂入口浓度2021.38mg·m^-3、O₂含量12％、H₂O_（g）含量12％、气体流速4.25m·min^-1和温度60℃的条件下，脱硫效率为85.1％，吸附容量为12.20mg·g^-1，再生2次后，脱硫效率下降至76.2％，吸附容量为10.36mg·g^-1；干态下污泥吸附剂对SO₂吸附主要为物理吸附，水蒸气存在时以化学吸附为主，化学吸附效果好于物理吸附；固定床吸附模型的预测值与实验结果较好吻合。 对城市污水厂剩余污泥采用浸渍碳酸钠溶液或负载金属氧化物的方法进行改性制备烟气脱硫吸附剂。结果表明同时负载5％MnO₂和5％MgO的吸附剂性能最好；在SO₂入口浓度2021.38mg·m^-3、O₂含量12％、H₂O_（g）含量12％、气体流速2.13m·min^-1和温度60℃的条件下，污泥吸附剂的脱硫效率为93.7％，吸附容量为99.3mg·g^-1；水蒸气存在时，复合氧化物的协同作用促进了对SO₂的化学吸附；氨溶液再生2次后污泥吸附剂的脱硫效率为93.0％，吸附容量为84.4mg·g^-1。 对改性污泥吸附剂的制备进行了初步工艺设计，并核算了原材料成本，结果表明其具有较好的经济性和应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Adsorbents for wastewater treatment were prepared from biochemical and surplus sludge of sewage and surplus sludge of petrochemistry by chemical activation, and their physical and chemical properties were studied. The results show that the best performance of adsorbents are made by complex of ZnCl₂ and H₂SO₄, and the optimum preparation conditions are concentration of two activators 5 mol·L^-1, ratio of solid to liquid 1:2.5, pyrolysis temperature 550 ℃, pyrolysis time 2 h. Under the condition that the concentration is 0.5%, the removal rates of adsorbent made from the biochemical sludge for COD, total phosphorus and the chromaticity color of sewage are 63.2%, 98.3% and 87.5% respectively. On the condition that the flow is 20 mL·h^-1, the breakthrough time decreased from 12 h to 10 h by heating method for two times in dynamic adsorption experiment. Under the condition that the concentration is 0.05%, the oil removal rate of adsorbent made from the sludge of petrochemistry in the treatment of oil-bearing wastewater is 94.3%. The isothermal adsorption process can be described by Freundlich Model.Adsorbent for flue gas desulfurization was prepared from surplus sludge of sewage by pyrolysis, and its physical and chemical properties was studied. The results show that the optimum preparation conditions are particle diameter of material 0.1 cm ～0.5 cm, the flow of N₂ 30 L·h^-1, pyrolysis temperature 550 ℃, pyrolysis time 1 h. Under the adsorption conditions of inlet concentration of SO₂ 2021.38 mg·m^-3, O₂ 12%, flue gas velocity 4.25 m·min^-1, temperature 40℃, the desulfurization efficiency and adsorption capacity of sludge-derived adsorbent for simulation flue gas are 75.3% and 8.68 mg·g^-1 respectively, and those decrease to 66.2% and 6.25 mg·g^-1 after renovation by washing with water for two times. Under the adsorption conditions of inlet concentration of SO₂ 2021.38 mg·m^-3, O₂ 12%, H₂O （g） 12%, flue gas velocity 4.25 m·min^-1, temperature 60 ℃, the desulfurization efficiency and adsorption capacity are 85.1% and 12.20 mg·g^-1 respectively, and those decrease to 76.2% and 10.36 mg·g^-1 after renovation for two times. If water vapour is present, the adsorption mechanism of SO₂ is mainly changed from physical adsorption to chemical adsorption, and the adsorption effect of chemical adsorption is better than physical adsorption. Predictable values by stationary adsorption bed model and experimental values are tallied preferably.The adsorbents for flue gas desulfurization were prepared from surplus sludge of sewage by different modifation methods such as impregnation of Na₂CO₃ solution and更多还原