【作者】 张春晓；

【导师】 麦康森；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 水产养殖， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以我国重要的海水养殖鱼类大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea R.)和鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)为研究对象,在室内养殖系统(养殖桶规格:120L或300L)或海水浮式网箱(1.0×1.0×1.5m或1.5×1.5×2.0m )中进行为期8-9周的摄食生长实验。探讨饲料中添加核黄素、泛酸、吡哆醇、叶酸和矿物质磷对大黄鱼、鲈鱼生长和生理状态的影响,同时根据不同指标评价了大黄鱼和鲈鱼对这些营养素的需要量。主要研究结果如下:1.饲料中核黄素含量显著影响大黄鱼的存活率(P<0.05),其中饲料中未添加核黄素组(0.80mg核黄素/kg饲料,Diet 1)的存活率显著低于添加核黄素组(P<0.05),但存活率在各添加组间没有出现显著差异(P>0.05)。缺乏核黄素组大黄鱼的特定生长率(SGR)显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。随着饲料中核黄素含量的升高,大黄鱼的SGR显著升高(P<0.05),且在核黄素含量为6.60mg/kg时(Diet 3)达到最大,而随着饲料中核黄素含量继续升高,实验大黄鱼SGR维持在一相对稳定水平(P>0.05)。Diet 1组实验鱼饲料转化率(FCE)和蛋白质效率(PER)均显著低于其余各组,但FCE和PER在各核黄素添加组没有出现显著差异(P>0.05)。大黄鱼核黄素缺乏时表现出一系列缺乏症状,包括晶状体混浊、体色苍白、尾鳍分叉和畏光。而饲料中添加核黄素组则没有发现上述症状。大黄鱼肝脏D-氨基酸氧化酶活力(D-AAO)和肝脏核黄素含量都随着饲料中核黄素含量升高而显著升高,并在饲料核黄素含量为6.60~23.95mg/kg时维持稳定。上述结果表明,核黄素是大黄鱼必需维生素,核黄素缺乏时不仅抑制大黄鱼生长,导致高死亡率,而且会产生一系列缺乏症。而饲料中高含量的核黄素不会对大黄鱼生长和生理代谢产生负面影响。当以SGR为评价指标时,通过折线模型所得到大黄鱼对核黄素的最适需要量为6.23mg/kg;而当以肝脏D-AAO或核黄素含量为评价指标时,得到核黄素的最适需要量分别为6.83和6.92mg/kg。2.饲料中未添加核黄素组(0.80mg核黄素/kg饲料,Diet 1)鲈鱼的存活率显著低于其它各组(P<0.05),但存活率在各添加组没有出现显著差异(P>0.05)。Diet 1组鲈鱼的特定生长率(SGR)显著低于其余各组(P<0.05)。随着饲料中核黄素含量的升高,SGR显著升高(P<0.05),且饲料核黄素含量为6.1mg/kg时(Diet 3)达到最大,而随着饲料中核黄素含量继续升高,实验更多还原

【Abstract】 Feeding trials were conducted to investigate the nutritional physiology of B vitamins and mineral-phosphorus for large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea R. and Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. The dietary requirements of riboflavin, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid and folic acid for juvenile large yellow croaker and Japanese seabass were conducted in indoor culture system, and the dietary requirements of phosphorus for juvenile large yellow croaker and Japanese seabass were conducted in seawater floating net cages (1.0╳ 1.0╳ 1.5 m or 1.5╳ 1.5╳ 2.0 m). Results of the present study are presented as follows:1. Survival of large yellow croaker was significantly lower in fish fed the basal diet (0.80 mg riboflavin/kg dry diet) than those of fish fed diets supplemented with riboflavin, but no significant differences in survival were observed among the riboflavin-supplemented dietary groups. Specific growth rate (SGR) was the lowest in fish fed the basal diet (P<0.05),and increased with increasing riboflavin up to 6.60 mg/kg (Diet 3) (P<0.05), and then leveled off (P>0.05). Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in fish fed the basal diet were significantly lower than those of the other dietary groups (P<0.05), and no significant differences were observed among the other dietary treatments (P>0.05). Fish fed the riboflavin-free diet performed poorly in terms of growth parameters and exhibited signs of riboflavin deficiency such as caudal fin erosion, loss of normal body color, lens opacity and photophobia. No deficiency signs were observed in fish fed the riboflavin-supplemented diets. Hepatic D-amino acid oxidase activity (D-AAO) was low in the riboflavin-deficient fish and increased in a dose-response manner with maximum activity being observed in fish fed the 6.60 mg riboflavin/kg diet. The riboflavin concentrations in the livers更多还原