【作者】 张艳；

【导师】 张志南；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文利用2004年1月在南黄海广大浅水海域28个站位与2003-2004年胶州湾B2站7个航次所采集的未受扰动的沉积物样品,对小型底栖生物栖息的沉积环境、小型底栖生物的丰度和生物量、自由生活海洋线虫群落结构、多样性和分类学进行了研究。同时还对青岛岩礁附植小型底栖动物的ATP含量进行了研究。结果表明,南黄海的沉积物类型以粉砂质粘土（TY）和砂-粉砂-粘土（STY）为主。沉积物各特征参数之间具有显著的相关关系。在沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm中,叶绿素a（Chl-a）的平均含量分别为0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234和0.234±0.09 mg·kg^-1沉积物。脱镁叶绿酸a（Pha-a）的平均含量分别为2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg^-1沉积物。Chl-a和Pha-a的分布出现了南北两个高值区。沉积物中有机质的平均含量为1.236%±0.435%,其分布与Chl-a的分布基本一致。沉积物粒度是影响沉积物中Chl-a、Pha-a和有机质含量的主要因素。共鉴定出自由生活线虫、底栖桡足类、多毛类、动吻类、双壳类、介形类、端足类、异足类、等足类、涟虫类、腹足类、腹毛类、海螨类、疣足幼体、蛇尾类、纽虫类、昆虫类、曳鳃动物、涡虫类和其它类等20个小型底栖动物类群,小型底栖动物的平均丰度为（1186.12±486.07）ind.10cm^-2,其中海洋线虫占绝对优势,其平均丰度为（1063.97±469.98）ind.10cm^-2,占小型动物总丰度的89.702%;其次是底栖桡足类,占4.193%。小型底栖动物的平均生物量和生产量分别是（1120.72±487.21）μg dwt 10cm^-2和（10086.49±4384.85）μg dwt 10cm^-2 a^-1。与国内外其它海域的研究结果比较,南黄海小型底栖动物的丰度、生物量的数值与国内其它海域的数值接近,处在同一个数量级。小型底栖动物的水平分布呈镶嵌式分布,沿岸站位小型底栖动物的丰度和生物量较高;垂直分布上,小型底栖动物分布于沉积物0-2、2-5cm和5-8cm的数量比例分别为74.33%、22.31%和3.36%。与环境因子相关分析表明,Chl-a的含量是影响小型底栖生物分布的主要因子。南黄海28个站位共鉴定出自由生活线虫261种或分类实体,隶属于139属,更多还原

【Abstract】 The sedimental environment, abundance and biomass of meiofauna, community structure and biodiversity and systematics of free living marine nematodes, were quantitatively studied at a grid of 28 stations during the cruise of investigation in the Southern Yellow Sea, China in January 2004 and also at B2 station sampling bimonthly from September 2003 to September 2004 in Jiaozhou Bay. Meanwhile, ATP content of the phytal meiofauna from the rocky intertidal zone in Qingdao was studied. The main results are as follows:The sediment types of the sampling stations mainly belong to silt-clay （TY） and sand-silt-clay （STY） in the Southern Yellow Sea. Sediment characteristic parameters have significant correlations with each other. The average content of chlorophyll a （Chl-a） in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 0.683±0.4,0.42±0.234 and 0.234±0.09 mg·kg^-1 sediment, respectively. The average content of phaeophorbide a （Pha-a） in 0-2, 2-5cm and 5-8cm sediment are 2.09±1.14,1.25±0.667和0.837±0.51 mg·kg^-1 sediment, respectively. In terms of horizontal distribution, there are two higher peak values of Chl-a and Pha-a in southern part and northern part of the Southern Yellow Sea, respectively. The average content of organic matter is 1.236%±0.435%. Correlation analysis shows that sediment characteristic parameters are the main factors which affect the pigments content and organic matter content. A total of 20 groups of meiofauna in the Southern Yellow Sea: Nematoda, Copepoda, Polychaeta, Kinorhyncha, Bivalvia, Ostracoda, Amphipoda, Tanaidacea, Isopoda, Cumacea, Gastropoda, Gastrotricha, Halacaroidea, nectochaeta, Amphiura, Nemertina, Insecta, Priapulida, Turbellaria and others were identified. Free living marine nematodes are the most dominant group, accounting for 89.702% of the abundance of meiofauna, with benthic harpacticoid copepods in the second, accounting for 4.193%. The mean abundance, biomass and production of meiofauna are （1186.12±486.07） ind.10cm^-2, （1120.72±487.21）μg dwt 10cm^-2 and (10086.49更多还原