【作者】 张方；

【导师】 黄泰康；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳药科大学 ， 药事管理学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 中医药学经历了数千年的发展历史，积累了丰富的临床诊疗经验和宝贵的文献资源，形成了系统的生命科学理论、独特的辨证体系以及养生保健思想，为中华民族的繁衍昌盛做出了巨大贡献。中医药学以其独特的魅力，吸引了国内外众多学者目光，研究的热潮一浪高过一浪，呈现出一派喜人景象。目前，我国中医药现代化研究已经历了近30年的实践历程，在我国政府的重点扶持下，中医药学的理论和实践均取得了令人瞩目的成就。但成就的背后依然有重重危机隐藏，当现代科学技术被大量引进并移植于中医药现代化研究中时，中医药学出现了明显的“抗异性”，即现代科学方法无法在中医药现代化研究中顺顺利利，大行其道，中医学理论中的关键问题如“证候”、“藏象”、“经络”等实质的现代研究严重受挫，中药药性理论和方剂配伍的内涵始终无法用现代语言清楚阐释等等，现代化研究一度陷入了迷茫，“中医药现代化”成了一个既热门又沉重的话题。目前，我国中医药现代化研究工作主要停留在用西医药学的研究方法和手段来阐述中医药理论、临床实践及中药的作用机理上。但是现代西医药学还原论思想对中医药学的诠释只是片面性的，很难有所突破，现代研究中发现的问题向我们提出了在方法论上进行重新思考的要求，大量移植和模仿的西医学科学技术并不能完全适用于中医药学理论，中医药学需要能够反映自身特色的原创的、科学的方法论，这就要求中医药现代化研究方法论的创新。本文站在科学哲学与科学方法论的角度，运用文献研究方法、比较研究方法、文化学、解释学和语境分析等方法，深入探讨中医药现代化研究方法论中出现的问题、问题出现的根本原因、解决问题的依据和可能性以及如何解决这些问题等等。首先，在总结和整理中医药现代化实践历程，明确中医药现代化的发展动力机制和发展中存在的主要问题的基础上，从认识和剖析中西医药方法论的范式构成要素入手，对中西医药方法论特性以及其发展规律进行深入探讨，挖掘中西医药学的方法论间存在的差异以及产生差异的根源，从而明确源自于西方的现代科学方法论与中医药学方法论之间存在鸿沟的根本原因。其次，针对中医药现代化研究中出现的“悖论”怪圈进行哲学思考，并运用后现代主义哲学的视角，对中医药现代化研究进行外部透视，并着重阐释中医药学哲学思想与后现代主义的相似之处。借鉴后现代主义的研究成果对中医药现代化研究道路的选择进行反思，通过对中西方科学的再语境化分析以及对中西医结合的历史性考察和哲学思考，提出中西医药学结合的条件性和辩证统一性。通过对复杂性科学的起源与发展的全面整理以及与中医药学的对比研究，提出中医药学属于复杂性科学，进一步探讨借鉴复杂性科学的研究成果，尤其是复杂适应系统(CAS)理论用于填平中医药学与现代科学技术之间鸿沟的可能性和优越性，并运用CAS理论对中药方剂配伍规律的研究进行初步的理论性探讨，提出基本的研究框架和模型。最后，结合中医药现代化研究实际，提出中医药现代化研究方法论应遵循的6大基本原则。目前，国内运用后现代主义哲学思想和复杂性科学视角对中医药现代化研究方法论进行的全面研究并不多见，本论文的研究有一定的创新性和难度，因此研究结果还有待于进一步完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy has gone through the thousand years of development, it has accumulated abundant of clinical diagnosis experience and precious literature resources, come into being a systematic science theories of life, unique syndrome differentiation system and the thought for health preservation and health care, contributed greatly to Chinese nationality vigorous and prosperous.Many domestic and international scholars are attracted by its unique charm; the scientific researches are surging up everywhere. Up to now the Chinese medicine and Pharmacy modernization study has nearly experienced 30 years of practice. Although Chinese medicine and pharmacy has achieved great success under the support of the government, the serious crisis exists. The "anti-opposite character" in the Chinese medicine and pharmacy area obviously appeared when a number of modern scientific techniques were introduced and transplanted. That is, modern scientific method cannot be used smoothly in modern Chinese medicine research work. For instance, the research of "syndrome", "meridians and collaterals", "viscera state" suffered setback seriously. It is difficult to clarify the connotation of Chinese pharmacology and compound Chinese medicine with the modern language. The modern research work once goes astray; "modernization of the Chinese medicine and pharmacology" becomes a popular and ponderous topic.On the moment the modern research work of the Chinese medicine and Pharmacy stays mainly on the stage where Chinese medicine and pharmacy theories, clinic practice and the mechanism of action for Chinese medicine are explained only with the western pharmacological science method and research means. But the western reductionism can only unilaterally annotate Chinese medicine and pharmacy theories. Owing to the problem we met in the research, the demand of rethinking of the methodology has been raised. Imitation and transplantation are not applicable for Chinese medicine and Pharmacology, and it needs an original, scientific methodology, which has its own characteristics. So the innovations of the methodology of the Chinese medicine and pharmacy are waiting to be created.This paper tries to explore and solve the problem in Chinese medicine modernization study methodology applying literature study method, cultural science, explanation science and so on, standing on philosophy and science methodology. Firstly, it sums up Chinese medicine modernization process in practice and makes clear its development motive and main problem than digs up the difference between Chinese and Western medicine methodology which causes the difficulties in Chinese medicine modernization.Secondly, aimming at the "paradox" strange circle in the modernization research work of traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy carry through philosophic consider, as while as exercise postmodernism visual angle and perceive the modernization research work external, in order to expatiate the similarity between philosophic thought of TCM to postmodernism. Using postmodern production for reference, think over how to choose the way on research of traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy. Though the recontextualization of Chinese and Western Science bring forward conditioness and oneness.Neatenning the origin and development of Science of Complety across-the- board, and researching contrastively on traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, this paper reveals that Chinese medicine pharmacy belongs to complexity science. The scientific basis for methodology of modernization of the traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy is provided particularly using Complex Adaptive System (CAS). The paper puts forward the basic study frame and model for the principles of compatibility.Finally, the paper puts forward the methodology of research of the modernation of traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy should follow six basic principles after combining study practice.Currently, it is not much to find out that the modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy methodology was studied applying postmodernism and Science of Complexity angle of view. The research of this thesis has certainly creative and difficulty, therefore the research result still needs further perfected.更多还原