【作者】 刘星辉；

【导师】 戴塔根；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 我国经济正处于以大量消耗自然资源特别是矿产资源为主要特征的发展阶段。随着矿产资源开发强度越来越大，矿区地质环境问题对生态环境质量的影响日益突出。本文在广泛收集国内外已有成果的基础上，通过对湖南省矿区地质环境调查和重点矿区解剖分析，系统划分了矿区地质环境问题类别，运用水文地质学、工程地质学、环境地质学、环境地球化学、恢复生态学等理论，揭示了矿区地质环境问题产生的原因，探讨了治理方法技术，提出了有关政策措施建议。 矿区地质环境问题可以归结为采空与堆积两大主题。解决矿区地质环境问题的根本途径，一是科学规划、合理开采，避免诱发崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等突发性地质灾害：二是推行无废开采工艺，尽量减少废石尾砂产出量，减轻采矿对生态的破坏；三是实行土地复垦，恢复本地生态系统，实现人与自然的和谐发展。 本文首次对湖南省主要矿山地质环境状况进行了全面调查，阐明了崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地面塌陷、地面沉降、地裂缝等地质灾害在矿区这一特定领域的表现形式、分布特征、成因机理和防治方法；运用岩土力学理论对邵东石膏矿采空区进行了地面稳定性分析和评价，为邵东县城市规划和石膏矿采空区治理提供了重要依据。 通过对七宝山矿区土壤、稻谷、水体采样分析，对比18年前同类结果，首次揭示了矿区地球化学污染的时空变化规律。随着时间的推移，有害元素在矿区河流底泥中的污染加重，污染分布曲线的波峰向下游移动：在河流两侧稻土中的污染加重，并向稻土底层渗透，稻谷污染也相应加重：当污染源增加时，波峰数相应增多。矿区闭坑以后，水体污染迅速减轻。 综合介绍了矿区被污染土壤的改良技术、无废开采工艺、矿区复垦技术。对矿区复垦效益评价方法进行了研究，首次在传统的矿床技术经济评价体系中引进了矿区复垦评价因子。通过实例分析，认为矿区复垦对企业经济效益的影响很小，但复垦后环境经济效益巨大。 作者系统研究了我国矿区生态恢复制度。运用恢复生态学观点，将“矿区生态恢复”定义为“是指对采矿引起退化的矿区生态系统，更多还原

【Abstract】 Our nation’s economy is on the development stage with the main features depending on consuming a large number of natural resources, specially mineral resources. With the strength of mineral resources development is larger and larger, it is highlight day and day that the mine area geological environment problems affect on the quality of the ecological one. Based on the extensive collection achievement which have been gained at home and abroad, the thesis systematically divides the mine geological environment problems into different classifications by means of surveying the mine geological environment and dissecting the important mines in Hunan, promulgates the reason of forming mine geological environment problems and discusses the method and technology of harnessing them, applying on the theory of hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, environmental geochemistry and restoration ecology etc., and then puts forward the related suggestion of policies and measures.The mine geological environment problems can be mainly divided into the two kinds of the empty being excavated and piling up of the mine waste residue. The basic method of settling the mine geological environment problem is, at first, scientific planning and rational excavation, in order to avoid inducing the suddenly geological hazards of collapse, landslip, mud rock flow, surface subsidence, ground crack etc., the second, carrying out the excavation technology without waste residue, doing oneself best to reduce the output of waste residue and tailings, the third, implementing reclamation of mine land, recovering the ecosystem of the district, and realizing the harmonious development between human being and nature.The present situation of mine geological environment in Hunan is, the first time, all-side investigated. This thesis expounds the expression form, distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of geological hazards including collapse, landslip, mud rock flow, surface subsidence, ground crack etc. in mine area, apply theory of rock and soil mechanics更多还原