【作者】 许芳；

【导师】 李建华；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪以来，与工业经济高度增长相伴随的是企业与社会环境之间、企业与自然环境之间关系的危机，我国审时度势地提出构建和谐社会的总目标。传统的企业理论已无力从根本上解决企业与其环境的矛盾，而生态学则提供了解决以上问题的新思路。 根据企业是一个特殊的生命体、企业与其环境也构成复杂的生态关系，采用自然科学与社会科学相结合、系统分析、类比分析等研究方法，按照企业之间的合作程度及企业战略发展阶段(环境适应、对抗竞争、合作竞争、互惠共生)，借鉴生态学原理研究企业与环境(社会环境与自然环境)之间的生态关系，揭示企业与环境之间适应、竞争、合作、共生的生态机理，在此基础上得出适用于企业的生态战略。旨在构建和谐的企业生态系统和工业生态系统，促进企业与社会环境及自然环境之间的互惠共生与协同进化，以适应新时期的企业战略实践。 本文研究了企业的生命机理及其战略。包括企业与生命体的相似性、企业的生命模型、企业的生命周期、企业的出生率和死亡率。在此基础上提出企业的生命战略是：构建生命型企业、生命周期战略。 研究了企业生态关系的本质——企业生态位及其战略。包括企业的生态关系、企业生态位及模型、企业生态位宽度原理、企业生态位竞争排斥机理及模型、企业生态位分离及模型。在此基础上提出企业的生态位战略是：生态位分离战略、优势生态位效应、错位经营、特化与泛化战略。 研究了企业环境适应的生态机理及战略。包括企业结构与生物组织的异同、企业结构对环境的适应性、战略柔性的特征、企业协同进化的生态机制及生态特点。在此基础上提出企业适应环境的柔性战略，以及企业协同进化的生态战略是：正确看待竞争压力、适应环境变化、创建学习型组织、共同进化。 研究了企业竞争的生态机理及战略。包括企业竞争的生态特点、企业共存的生态机制、企业竞争的生态模型。在此基础上提出企业竞争的生态策略有：r-策略与k-策略。 研究了企业合作的生态机理及战略。包括企业合作互利的生态模型、企业集群的生态特点及优势、企业联盟的动机模型、诚信危机搏弈、企业合作的进化稳定对策。在此基础上提出企业合作的生态战略是：合作竞争战略、关系营销战略、创建高效的价值链。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 19th century, highly-developed industrial economy has caused a crisis between enterprises and the environment (socially and naturally). It is during such a background that China puts forward a wise goal to create an inclusive society. However, conventional theory can not solve the problems, and the ecological strategy of enterprises offers a new way in this aspect.Enterprise is a special life body and the relationship between enterprise and the environment is ecologically complex. So this paper offers some methods on the basis of combining natural science, social science, system analysis and analogy method together. According to the cooperation degree between different enterprises and developing stage of their strategies (adjustment, competition, cooperation, and symbiosis), we can use ecological principles to research into the relationship between enterprise and environment (including social environment and natural environment), and to reveal ecological mechanism between them. Only on this basis can we got enterprise ecological strategy to create an inclusive business and industry ecosystem, boost the symbiosis and co-evolution between enterprise and environment, and suit the new strategic practice.This paper expounds the life mechanism of enterprise and its strategy, including essential similarity between enterprise and life, life model, life cycle, birthrate and mortality of enterprises. Finally brings forward a way to create living enterprise and enterprise strategy of life cycle.This paper also analyzes the essence of enterprise ecological relationship (enterprise niche and its strategy), including its niche and model, theory of its niche width, its niche competition and its repelling mechanism and model, its niche separation and its model of separation. Basing on it, we bring forward niche strategy in an enterprise, including abruption, dominant niche effect, alternation nich, specialization and popularization.The ecological mechanism and strategy about enterprise environment adaptation are also studied, including the differences between enterprise structure and biology organism, the enterprise structure adapting to environment, the character更多还原