【作者】 戴铁军；

【导师】 陆钟武；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 热能工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以工业生态学、生态学和系统工程等理论为指导，定量研究企业内部、企业之间的物质循环问题，探索物质流动规律及其对资源、环境的影响，并把理论研究成果应用于钢铁企业资源与环境问题的分析以及生态工业园的定量评价等方面，为企业与区域节约资源、改善环境提供了一种新的方法和思路。主要内容如下： 1．提出了生产流程的基准元素流图。以此为基础，分析了偏离基准元素流图的元素流对该元素资源效率的影响，建立了流程与工序间的元素资源效率的关系式，流程与工序间的元素环境效率的关系式，以及流程的元素资源效率与元素环境效率间的关系式。该研究揭示了生产流程内元素的流动规律，为分析各种生产流程的元素流对资源与环境的影响，以及制定提高流程资源效率、改善环境的措施奠定了基础。 2．以钢铁生产流程为例，分析了各股铁流对流程铁资源效率的影响、工序铁资源效率的变化对流程铁资源效率的影响，以及工序铁环境效率的变化对流程铁环境效率的影响。理清了钢铁生产流程中铁资源效率、铁环境效率和废钢指数三者的关系。分析了典型钢铁生产流程的铁资源效率，以及电炉钢比对混合生产流程铁资源效率的影响，讨论了中、美、日三国钢铁工业的铁资源效率与电炉钢比的关系。 3．以工业代谢理论为基础，给出了企业的元素工业代谢分析的方法与步骤。作为应用实例，计算了某钢铁企业各工序、各股物流铁量，编制了该企业铁元素收支平衡表，绘制了钢铁生产铁流图，理清了输入、输出该企业的各股铁流的来龙去脉。分析了该企业哪些副产品、废品被排放，哪些被利用，以及它们对企业铁资源效率和铁环境效率的影响，并提出了企业降耗减排的措施。 4．讨论了生物群落关联度的不同计算方法。以此为基础，提出了衡量生态工业园内企业间相互连接关系及其密切程度的重要指标——园区企业间生态关联度，并给出了它的计算公式。以国内外的一些生态工业园和工业园为例，计算了它们的园区企业间生态关联度，分析了传统工业向生态工业转型的必要性，对比了生物群落关联度与生态工业园的园区企业间关联度，讨论了生态工业园的食物网结构与园区企业间生态关联度的关系，并给出了提高园区企业间生态关联度的更多还原

【Abstract】 The material recycling within and among enterprises was studied in the light of industrial ecology, ecology and system engineering. The influence of material recycling on resource and environmental indicators was explored. The results of the study were applied to steel enterprise and Eco-Industrial Park (EIP). A set of new methods and ideas is presented for saving resources and improving environment in enterprises and region. The main contents are as follows:1. A standard element flow diagram of a manufacturing process was launched. The influence of element flow deviated in various ways from standard element flow diagram on the element resource efficiency was analyzed. The relationship between element resource efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was given. Similarly, the relationship between element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process and that of its unit processes was also given. In addition, the relationship between element resource efficiency and element environment efficiency of a manufacturing process was given too. The results of the study lay the foundations for analyzing the influence of element flow on resource and environmental indicators in all kinds of manufacturing processes.2. By using the data of a steel plant, the influence of iron flow in the steel manufacturing process on its iron resource efficiency was analyzed as an example. The influence of iron resource efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was analyzed. Similarly, The influence of iron environment efficiency of unit process on that of its manufacturing process was also analyzed. The relationship among iron resources efficiency, iron environment efficiency and steel scrap index in a steel manufacturing process was raveled. The iron resource efficiencies of the BF-BOF, EAF and mixed manufacturing process were discussed. And the influence of the EAF/steel ratio on iron resource efficiency in the mixed manufacturing process was also discussed. Meanwhile, the relationship between iron resources efficiency and the EAF/steel ratio of steel industry in China, USA and Japan was discussed.3. The method and step of industrial metabolism analysis for an element in an enterprise were given on the basis of industrial metabolism. The industrial metabolism更多还原