【作者】 任飞；

【导师】 韩跃新； 印万忠；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 矿物加工工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 电气石是含硼的环状硅酸盐矿物，具有压电性和热释电性，而且还具有发射远红外线和释放负离子功能，在环保、保健、纺织、建材和农业等诸多领域有着广泛的应用。 本文采用化学分析、岩矿鉴定、X射线衍射分析（XRD）、红外光谱分析（IR）、差热分析（DTA）等分析测试手段对内蒙电气石矿石性质、电气石类型及结构特征、电气石相变进行了研究，并确定了内蒙电气石类型。 研究了内蒙电气石及其电气石陶粒对酸碱溶液、去离子水、自来水的影响，用pH值、电导率进行了表征，并进行了机理分析，结果表明，内蒙电气石具有改变水溶液pH值，并使之趋于7的功能，还可反复利用。提出了溶液的pH值的改变是受到矿物表面羟基化与电气石的电极反应的影响结果 首次确定了内蒙电气石磁选分离工艺流程和条件，使原矿品位（电气石含量）70％的电气石提纯到95％以上。 用扫描电镜（SEM）、能谱（EDS）和X射线衍射分析（XRD）对内蒙电气石表面性质进行了研究，并且首次用晶体化学和溶液化学理论对电气石的可浮性原理进行了分析。用等电点法、Yoon-Salman-Donnay方程（YSD）和晶体化学法对电气石零电点进行了计算，并与用电泳法测得的电气石零电点进行了比较分析，计算了电气石晶体结构中的M—O键的键长、静电价强度、离子键成分、库仑力、相对键合强度、极性和键价。分析表明，电气石表面部分难溶的阳离子Fe²⁺、Mg²⁺、Al³⁺与油酸根离子发生了化学吸附；另一方面，电气石晶体表面与水发生接触时，表面Na⁺、Ca²⁺阳离子解离、矿物表面羟基化，电气石表面荷负电，又能与十二胺发生静电吸附；另外，提出电气石的浮选回收率的高低与捕收剂离子—分子缔合的浓度变化相关。 本文确定了采用搅拌磨制备内蒙电气石粉体的适宜工艺条件，并对电气石粉体进行了粒度分析和红外发射率、释放负离子浓度的测试及机理分析。 用硬脂酸、硅烷偶联剂、硅油和钛酸酯偶联剂作为改性剂对内蒙电气石粉体进行表面改性研究，获得了较好的改性效果；探讨了温度、时间和改性剂添加量等因素对内蒙电气石改性效果影响，用活化度进行了表征；红外光谱分析（IR）表明，改性机理为化学吸附。 研究了电气石／HDPE复合材料力学性能，对其发射远红外线及释放负离子的更多还原

【Abstract】 Tourmaline, as an annular silicate containing boron, is widely applied in many fields such as environmental protection, health protection, weaving, constructions and agriculture etc. because of not only its properties of piezoelectricity, but also its function of emitting far infrared rays and getting rid of negative ions.This paper has analyzed systematically the nature, ore type, structural feature and transformation of Inner Mongolian tourmaline etc. by chemical analysis, rock appraisal, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrarad spectrum analysis（IR）, differential thermal analysis （DTA） etc.The influnce of Inner Mongolian tourmaline and its ceramsite on acid - alkaline solution, deionized water, drinking water etc has been studied. The results show that this tourmaline can change the pH of water at 7 and it can be recycled. Based on those results, this paper has deduced that mineral surface’s hydroxylation and tourmaline’s electrode reaction are the reasons of the change on solution’ pH.This paper has determined firstly the technological flowsheet and technological condition of tourmaline’s magnetism seperation, which can increase its grade from 70% to above 95%.This paper has studied the surface characteristics of Inner Mongolian tourmaline through scanning electron microscope （SEM） , EDS and XRD analysis and at the same time its buoyancy principle by means of crystal chemical and solution chemical theory has been investigated. This paper has calculated its zero electrical point by three methods, namely, isoionic point, the Yoon - Salman - Donnay equtation （YSD） and crystal chemical methods. Furthermore, this paper has calculated the tourmaline crystal structure’s following paralizes: the length of M-O bond, the electrostatic valence strength , the ionic bond composition, the coulomb force, the relative bond strength, the polarity and the electrostatic force. The results show that the chemical adsorption can take place among Fe²⁺ Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺, that is, the tourmaline surfaces no - dissolve cation, and C17H35COO"; and that the electrostatic adsorption between the tourmaline surface and the dodecylaamine can be occur because of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ ions, away from the tourmaline’s surface , it’s surface’s hydroxylation and it’s surface lotus’ negativation when the crystal surface contacts with water, and that there is a relationship between the flotation recovery of the tourmaline and the change of collector’s ion - molecular density.This paper has deduced the suitably operational conditions to prepare the更多还原