【作者】 周心琴；

【导师】 张小林；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 乡村景观是人类文化与自然环境高度融合的景观综合体，并具有生态、经济、美学、娱乐和空间五大价值属性；相对于城市景观，乡村景观受人类干扰强度较低、土地利用粗放、人口密度较小，并以面积较大的农业景观和田园化的生活方式为最大特征。随着我国城市化的快速推进，乡村大量剩余劳动力进入第二、第三产业，不仅推动乡村经济蓬勃发展，也带来乡村社会、文化和景观日新月异地变化。本文选取经济发达、城市化发展快速的苏南乡村地区作为研究对象，主要探讨乡村聚落景观、经济景观和生活景观的转变，并在此基础上分析乡村景观格局的变化，力图比较全面、系统地描述20世纪80年代以来苏南乡村景观的变迁。 论文由三部分构成一个逻辑体系：第一部分为研究基础，搭建论文的研究思路与框架，回顾与评价目前国内外乡村景观的研究进展，同时提出本文研究的理论基础。论文第二部分为主要研究内容，分别从苏南乡村聚落景观、经济景观和生活景观三方面详细分析和探讨城市化进程中乡村景观的变迁。乡村聚落景观研究分别从小城镇、村落和民居三个层次进行分析，从规模、形态和空间布局入手，并对苏南乡村聚落体系的变迁进行总结。城市化进程中苏南乡村经济景观的演变选取农业景观、工业景观、集市贸易景观进行分析，并从产业结构、产业规模和产业布局的变迁进行总结性探讨。生活质量的提高是以收入的增加为基础，因此苏南乡村生活景观研究首先对农民收入水平和收入结构的变化进行剖析，在此基础上对农民的物质生活、行为方式和思想观念的转变进行深入探讨。最后，借用景观生态学的斑块-廊道-基质的景观组合模式，对乡村景观格局变迁进行量化分析，并选取宜兴市三个镇作为案例，揭示出城市化进程中乡村景观格局的变化过程、区域差异以及发展趋势，并从人口、经济、技术、政策四方面论述其变化的主要驱动力。论文第三部分对苏南新乡村景观的塑造和可持续发展进行了探讨。 通过对苏南乡村聚落景观、经济景观、生活景观及景观格局变迁的分析，得出以下主要结论：(1)随着乡村城市化的快速发展，越来越多的苏南农民向城镇迁移，并主要集中在中心城镇，独立住户和自然村大幅度减少。乡村人口空间分布的积聚度有所加强，聚落等级分化逐渐显著，改变了传统乡村聚落分散的、同构同质的局面，在分化与重组中逐步向多功能的、集中的、异质异构的格局发展。(2)乡村经济景观的“非农化”程度逐渐加强；无论是农业、工业、还是集市贸易，都开始向规模化、集团化、区域化的方向发展，整个区域逐渐从“乡村性”向“城市性”迈进。(3)随着收入水平的不断提高，农民的衣食住行得到明显改善，就业的非农化使得乡村生活发生明显改变：生活节奏加快、交往圈扩大、家庭娱乐休闲活动增加等。与此同时，许多传统的、保守的思想观念也发生深刻变化。(4)乡村城市化的进程中变化最为快速和显著的是经济景观的城市化，随后带动居民生活的城市化，变化较为缓慢的是乡村聚落的改变。从目前苏南乡村景观的变化趋势来看，经济景观变化速度将更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural landscape, which fuses tightly with nature environment and culture, possesses of five attributes: ecological, economical, aesthetic, recreational and space values. Though the nature is the basal part of rural landscape, human action is the dominant aspect. There are less human interferer, low population density and more extensive land using in the rural landscape than in urban landscape. And expansive agricultural scenery and pastoral life are the extrusive difference between them. During Chinese urbanization development, more and more rural redundant labors have engaged industrial and service vocation, which motivating economy increase rapidly, driving social progress, accelerating culture and landscape change quickly in the rural area. But up to the present, Chinese rural scholars have taken more attention on urbanization, settlements, economy and planning. Only few researchers have studied rural landscape primarily. Following the upsurge of Landscape Ecology research nearly years, many scholars have cognizance of the essentiality of rural landscape. So, the author chooses the change of rural landscape as study object in southern Jiangsu province where is prospering and developing rapidly since 1980s.The paper is mainly divided into three parts. The first part is the base portion which inducts out the topic and framework of the paper, retrospects and appraises the development of rural landscape research in the world and brings forward the theoretic bedrock. The second part is primary content which discusses respectively the change of settlements, economy and living in the rural area along with urbanization. Before expatiates the change of rural settlements, the author introduces the types and space combination of settlements in southern Jiangsu province. Then the writer analyzes the change of the size, the form, the distribution of town, village and rural house respectively in order to find out the law. The change of rural economy landscape mostly embodies on the structure, scope and spatial location. The author mainly analyzes agriculture, rural industry and trade landscape. Income increase is the precondition of living amelioration. So before discussing the change of rural living landscape, the author analyzes the level and framework of peasant income recently, and then studies the change of substance consumption, behavior and notion of the peasant. Finally the writer analyzes the change of the rural landscape pattern adopting path-corridor-matrix pattern which Forman put forward in 1995, and chooses three towns in Yixing County as example discussing the difference process of the change and the direction of development respectively. Through the front analysis, the third part is the discussion how building new rural landscape that is picturesque, pleasing and wealthy in southern Jiangsu province facing the opportunity and challenge.Based on the analyses the change of rural landscape in southern Jiangsu province, the main conclusion of the paper as follow: (1)rural population moving更多还原