现代汉语语序研究

【作者】 武氏河；

【导师】 刘俐李；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 论文主要在三个平面理论的框架内研究现代汉语的句子成分语序以及与之相关的一些问题，包括现代汉语句式的划分、汉语语序的语法功能以及汉语语序的制约因素，此外还对汉语和越南语的句法语序进行比较研究。 从三个平面理论的角度来看，句子成分的语序是句法语序、语义语序、语用语序的复合体。三者在静态语境里是对应的，但在动态语境里句法语序、语义语序、语用语序有时会发生不同步的变动，失去原来的对应性，这正是产生各种动态语序的主要途径。汉语语序的很多方面都和句法语序、语义语序、语用语序的对应度密切相关。三者之间的这种关系是论文中诸多问题的研究切入点。 论文的正文共分六章： 第一章简要回顾各家对语序的看法，并且对语序概念的界定及其语法性质进行论述；介绍目前有关现代汉语语序的研究状态以及研究趋向。 第二章全面阐述现代汉语语序的特征。首先将现代汉语语序区分为静态语序和动态语序，动态语序又分为基本语序、非倒装语序和倒装语序三种次类。按照这样的分类逻辑，我们尽量遵循动静结合的原则对现代汉语句子成分的各种配位现象进行充分的描写。 第三章以语序为句式划分的标准对现代汉语的句型系统进行考察，提出现代汉语的基本句式包括基本名词性谓语句、基本形容词性谓语句、基本动词性谓语句三种句式。此外，还分析一直以来处在争论之中的两种句式主题句和存现句的语序特征，并且讨论与之相关的句式划分问题。 第四章探讨现代汉语语序的语法功能，包括结构功能、语义功能和语用功能。汉语语法系统里，语序作用所及的范围甚广，可综合总结为语序对各语法范畴的表达和调节功能，如语序的句法结构表达功能、主题结构表达功能，以及句法结构调节功能、信息结构调节功能等。 第五章论述制约现代汉语语序的各种因素。现代汉语语序的制约因素包括语言外部的因素(认知因素)以及语言内部的因素。本章全面分析各种因素对现代汉语语序的制约作用，并且探索它们之间的互动关系，以了解现代汉语语序的生成机制。 第六章对越南语和汉语的句法语序进行比较研究，应用现代汉语语序的研究结果对越南语和汉语句法成分的各种基本配位现象进行比较，探索有关两种语言句法语序的共性与差异的一些规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mainly based on the theory of three grammatical planes, this thesis discusses about the constituent order of modern Chinese and some other related problems including the classification of modern Chinese sentence types, the grammatical function of Chinese constituent order and the factors constraining it. Moreover this thesis also makes a comparison between the syntactic constituent order of Chinese and Vietnamese.According to the theory of three grammatical planes, the order of structural components of a sentence is the compound of syntactic constituent order, semantic constituent order and pragmatic constituent order which are corresponding in static sentences, but potentially have different changes in dynamic sentences, and therefore may lose the original correspondence. And this is the main way how the dynamic constituent orders are formed. Many problems about Chinese constituent order are closely related to the degree of the correspondence between syntactic constituent order, semantic constituent order and pragmatic constituent order. The solution for many problems discussed in this thesis is initially found through studying the relation between them.This thesis is mainly composed of six chapters:Chapter 1 briefly introduces the general views about constituent order and makes a presentation about the concept and the grammatical properties of constituent order; summarizes the general situation of the Chinese constituent order study and present studying trend.Chapter 2 presents the feature of Chinese constituent order. We distinguish static constituent order and dynamic constituent order, and indicate that Chinese dynamic constituent order can be classified into basic constituent order, non-inverted constituent order and inverted constituent order. According to this kind of classification, we fully descript all the collocations of structural components in modern Chinese following the principle of considering both static language and dynamic language.Chapter 3 analyzes and classifies the system of modern Chinese sentences with the criterion of constituent order and indicates that Chinese dynamic sentences are based on three basic sentences: the basic nounal predicate sentence, the basic adjectival predicate sentence and the basic verbal predicate sentence. In addition, this chapter also analyzes some kinds of sentences about which there are several different conclusions.Chapter 4 surveys the grammatical functions of modem Chinese constituent order including structural function, semantic function and pragmatic function. It’s indicated that constituent order plays a very important part in the grammatical system of modern Chinese which can be comprehensively summarized as expressing function and regulating function.Chapter 5 studies the factors constraining modern Chinese constituent order. In this chapter we make an overall analysis of their constraining influence on modern Chinese constituent order and their mutual affect with the purpose of learning the regularities which control the forming of modern Chinese constituent order.Chapter 6 makes a comparison between the syntactic constituent order of Chinese and Vietnamese based on the above studying result of modern Chinese. Particular attention is given to the learning of the regularities related to the similarities and differences between the syntactic更多还原