【作者】 陈礼辉；

【导师】 詹怀宇； 黄祖泰；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 制浆造纸工程， 2003， 博士

【摘要】 植物纤维增强热塑性塑料复合材料是新世纪材料科学和林产工业发展的重要领域。该复合材料具有机械性能好、加工性能好、产品重量轻、价格低廉、加工性好等优点，可应用在汽车、机械、电器、建材、装饰等领域，具有广阔的应用前景，已成为新世纪世界各国发展的新型复合材料之一。 论文以竹材爆破浆和马尾松热磨机械浆为增强材料，以尼龙-6为聚酰胺树脂基体材料，研究开发出竹材爆破浆增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料和马尾松热磨机械浆增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料。论文对竹材高得率浆制备、界面改性剂合成、高得率浆增强聚酰胺树脂复合材料制备及其性能、微观形态、界面改性及其化学键结合机理等方面进行了较深入的研究。 论文进行了竹材汽蒸爆破法高得率浆制浆工艺及其机理的研究，分析爆破处理对竹材纤维形态的影响，开发出竹材汽蒸爆破法高得率浆的制浆技术。竹材化学预处理的适宜条件为NaOH用量2％、Na₂SO₃用量15％、保温时间120min和温度130℃。竹材爆破浆裂断长大于3300m。经化学预处理的竹片爆破后，纤维变得松软、卷曲，纤维大部分都已解离，纤维表面有一定程度的分离和帚化分丝。汽蒸爆破对纤维形态的影响是爆破浆磨浆能耗低、强度较高的重要原因之一。与竹材化学机械浆浆相比，纸浆强度高，而单位磨浆能耗降低了30％左右。 论文研究了纤维原料对撞流干燥的干燥特性，分析对撞流强化传热传质过程，探讨对撞流干燥对纤维形态、强度和分散性的影响，在国内外首次用对撞流干燥技术干燥植物纤维浆料，为复合材料所需高度分散的植物纤维原料制备提供了技术依据。用对撞流干燥方式干燥植物纤维浆料，提高了干燥过程的传热传质效果，利用热气流与湿浆料之间产生的剪切、湿纤维之间碰撞产生的剪切来分散纤维，防止了纤维干燥失水后絮聚成团。在保证纤维质量的前提下，尽可能使用较高的干燥气流速度。干燥气流温度对干燥后纤维强度、长度和分散性影响较小，可选用较高的干燥气流温度来提高浆料的干燥速率。进入干燥系统的浆料干度和浆料质量流量对干燥后纤维原料的分散性影响较大。竹材爆破浆和马尾松热磨机械浆对撞流干燥方式适宜的工艺参数为气流速度32m·s^-1、浆料流量2.40kg·h^-1、干燥前浆料干度20％-25％、气流温度高于110℃。 论文首创用热催化法合成了适合于植物纤维增强聚酰胺树脂复合材更多还原

【Abstract】 Plant fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite is an important researching project in the field of material science and forest products industry in the new century. This composite material which has become one of the new type materials that many countries are trying to develop has many advantages, such as good mechanical properties, lightness, low price and good processability, and it can be widely used in automobile, machinery, electric appliance, building materials and decoration etc.In this paper bamboo steam explosion pulp reinforced polyamide resin composite and masson pine TMP reinforced polyamide resin composite were developed with the pulps as reinforced material and nylon-6 as matrix material. High yield pulping, synthesis of interfacre modifying agent, manufacture and properties of high yield pulp reinforced polyamide resin composite were studied. At the same time, microscopic structure, interface modifying and chemical bonding mechanism in high yield pulp reinforced polyamide resin composite were deeply investigated.Technology and mechanism of bamboo steam explosion pulping （SEP） were investigated. Effect of explosion treatment on fiber morphology was studied. Technologies of bamboo steam explosion pulping were developed. The optimal conditions of bamboo chemical pretreatment were NaOH dosage of 2%, Na₂SO₃ dosage of 15%, time of 120min at 130℃. Bamboo SEP with breaking length up to 3300 m was obtained by suitable processing conditions of pretreatment and steam explosion. When pretreated bamboo was exploded by steam, fibers of bamboo were curled, and some of fibers were fibrillated. Bamboo SEP had higher breaking length than bamboo chemical mechanical pulp （CMP）. Specific energy consumption of producing bamboo SEP was about 30% less than that of producing bamboo CMP.Character of impinging stream drying of fibers was studied. Heat and mass transfers during impinging stream drying process were investigated. Effect of impinging stream drying on morphology, strength and dispersivity of fiber was probed. Technology of impinging stream drying was first applied to dry plant fiber pulp at home and abroad. This work could provide更多还原