【作者】 曹运江；

【导师】 黄润秋； 冯涛；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 地质工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 软岩(软弱结构面)对高边坡稳定性构成不同程度的威胁，直接制约着水工建筑物的安全运营。岷江紫坪铺水利枢纽工程修建于含软岩的地层环境中，工程开挖边坡高达300m±。本论文立足于施工期高边坡稳定性评价和支护措施优化，结合含软岩高边坡的特点，通过跟踪高边坡的施工开挖过程，在获取各类工程地质及变形破坏响应信息的基础上，采用工程地质分析和数值模拟相结合的手段，对施工期和水库蓄水过程中高边坡的稳定性进行了系统评价，尤其是在施工开挖期间，对高边坡的支护设计进行了动态优化分析，为确保施工期边坡的安全稳定和长期运行提供了科学依据。论文工作取得了如下研究成果： (1) 针对含软岩高边坡的特点，以“地质过程机制分析-量化评价”的学术思想为核心，“系统工程地质研究”的方法论为指导，结合岷江紫坪铺工程条形山脊高边坡开挖，建立了一套含软岩高边坡稳定性评价与分析的方法，形成了较为完整的施工期高边坡稳定性动态研究、支护措施优化及运行期高边坡稳定性分析的技术路线。研究成果直接服务于工程实践，取得了较好的应用效果。这套技术路线和方法的建立，丰富了含软岩高边坡的研究内容，对类似地质条件下高边坡的稳定性评价具有一定的指导意义。 (2) 通过测制精细地质剖面和扫描电镜微观分析，揭示了边坡软岩和软弱结构面的基本类型及组构特征。指出边坡软岩主要为在软质岩基础上，叠加构造破碎的“构造软岩”，表现为结构面(带)形式则可分为炭质页岩型、泥化夹层型和煤线型等3种类型。通过崩解试验，揭示了软岩泥化物含量与软岩崩解特性的关系，建立了崩解度与循环次数的关系，确定了5种崩解破坏形式。 (3) 设计和开发了饱水条件下，软岩和软弱结构面剪切和压缩流变试验装置，系统开展了高边坡软岩和软弱结构面的时效变形特性研究，尤其是通过长达近1年的流变力学试验，应用Burgers流变方程，建立了各种类型软岩和软弱结构面的时效本构方程，获得了长期强度参数。研究结果表明，边坡中所发育的软弱岩组的天然抗压强度泥质粉砂岩13.5～48.4MPa、炭质页岩8.9～10.1MPa、泥页岩19.6～27.1MPa等，各向抗压强度异性指数在1.8～2.5；利用携剪试验，采用加权平均获取层间剪切错动(软)带的抗剪强度参数c值80～190kPa，平均120kPa，φ值13.3～36.9°，均值22.94°；饱水状态下，软弱结构面长期强度参数c值在57～160kPa之间，φ值在12～18°之间，比饱水快剪强度参数折减约60％。建立了软弱结构面的剪切流更多还原

【Abstract】 For the high slope stability, the different degree threats have been made by the soft rocks or weak structural planes, which directly restrict normal operation of the hydraulic structures. Zipingpu water conservancy project is located at upriver of Minjiang, and the excavated slope is about 300m high with soft rock widely distributing in the bed rock.In this dissertation, based on the systemic analysis of stability, optimized reinforcement measure, deformation-failure features of the rock mass with soft interlayer, and response of geological action, systematical stability of the high slope is evaluated by virtue of engineering geological analysis and numerical simulation during constructing and reservoir operating, combined with the tracing in the high slope excavation process. Dynamically optimized timbering design of the high slope is especially analyzed during excavation in order to ensure long-term stability and operation of the project. The research results can be obtained as follows:(1) Aimed at the characteristics of high slope with soft interlayer rock at Zipingpu strip-like ridge, utilizing mechanism analysis of geological process and measuring methodological theory in the geotechnical engineering, a series of methods for stability analysis and evaluation of the high slope has been systematically summarized. At the same time, integrated theories about dynamic research and reinforcement optimization during the construction of high slope are put forward, as well as analyzing and evaluating method of the high slope stability during the operation of reservoir. These theories can not only work directly for the engineering well, but also provide technism and methodology for research on stability of the high slopes in the similar projects, enriching research content on更多还原