民族地区公共治理研究

【作者】 周汝永；

【导师】 荣仕星；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 民族地区行政管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文以云南西双版纳傣族自治州为个案，运用公共治理理论和公共管理学中的实证分析方法，详细地论述了民族地区公共治理的历史变迁、现状和问题。本研究力图对民族地区公共治理的概念界定，基本类型，基本特点，理论解释，主要原因，对民族地区政治、经济与社会的影响，发展趋势，良好治理的基本措施与经验教训等一系列问题进行系统分析。民族地区公共治理的合法性、公共治理的模式、公共治理的结构变化、民族地区公民社会的兴起与民族地区公共治理的特殊性是本文论述的重点。 本文认为，影响民族地区公共治理的基本因素是合法性、合作和共治、责任和绩效、民族地区公民社会的兴起以及民族地区公共治理的特殊性，并贯穿于民族地区的全球化、市场化和城市化的现代化进程之中。 民族地区公共治理的合法性，有纵向合法性和横向合法性两个层面：纵向合法性主要是指中央和民族地区地方政府的关系，这是民族地区公共治理的合法性依据；横向合法性主要是指各民族长期形成的符合本民族特点的治理模式，这是民族区域自治制度存在的依据。划分纵横向合法性的理论基础是费孝通先生的“中华民族的多元一体结构”，“一体”是纵向合法性，体现为“大一统”的中央——民族地区的治理结构，维护祖国的统一；“多元”是横向合法性，体现为各民族的治理模式，以发挥民族地区的效率和积极性。 民族地区公共治理的合作和共治，本文以西双版纳自治州曼听村为案例，认为民族地区的合作和共治是民族地区公共治理的核心价值。曼听模式中非常重要的环节是成立了“傣园+村委会+村民小组+村民代表协调小组”，小组的成员由傣家园有限公司、村委会干部、村民小组的干部和村民代表四方组成，共同协调公共治理过程中可能出现的各种问题，达成一致后实施。合作是公共治理的核心价值，其要点就是政府、市场和公民社会之间的互动合作，所以，曼听村的村委会具有准政府色彩和民间组织的双重身份，而傣家园有限公司则是完全的市场主体，“傣园+村委会+村民小组+村民代表的协调小组”的合作模式，正是我们期待的公民社会的模式，是研究民族地区公共治理的经典案例。公共治理是一种多元的、民主的、合作的治理模式，它强调政府、企业和公民社会的共同作用，在相互依存的环境中分享公共权力，共同管理公共事务。对政府部门而言，公共治理就是从统治到掌舵的变化；对公民社会而言，公共治理就是从被动排斥到主动参与的变化。这是一种以公共利益为目标的社会合作过程——从这一意义上讲，曼听模式中的公共治理实质上体现的是一种合作共治。 民族地区公共治理的责任性和绩效性，本文以西双版纳自治州布朗族布朗山乡为案例，对布朗山乡的责任主体进行了详细的解剖，对布朗山乡的治理绩效和更多还原

【Abstract】 This article take the Yunnan Xishuangbanna Dai Nationality Autonomous Region as a case, and applying the method of the utilization public governance theory and the public management study center real diagnosis analysis, in detail elaborated multi-national area public governance historical vicissitude, the present situation and the question. The multi-national area public governance validity, the public governance pattern and the public governance structural change is a core which this article elaborates. This research tries hard to the multi-national area public governance concept limits, the basic type, the essential feature, the theory explained, the main reason, to the multi-national area politics, the economical and society’s influence, the development tendency, the good governance basic measure and the experience lesson and so on a series of questions carries on the system analysis.This article believed that, the fundamental factor that affects the multi-national area public governance is the legitimacy, the cooperation and altogether governances, the responsibility and the efficiency, the civil society of multi-national area starts as well as the multi-national area public governance particularity, and passes through in the multi-national area globalization, the marketability, the urbanization and the modernized advancement, but further decides these factor interaction relations and the structure background factor then is China’s regional autonomy for nationalities system..------Looked on the multi-national area public governance legitimacy that, has longitudinallegitimacy and the crosswise legitimacy two stratification planes: The longitudinal legitimacy mainly is refers to the relations of the central committee and the multi-national area local authority, this is the multi-national area public governance legitimate basis; The crosswise legitimacy mainly is refers to various nationalities to form for a long time conforms to this national characteristics governance pattern, this is the regional autonomy for nationalities system existence basis. The division vertically and horizontally to the legitimate rationale is Mr. Fei Xiaotong "a Chinese nation’s many Yuan and a body structure", "a body" is the longitudinal legitimacy, manifests is "universal" the central committee - multi-national area governance structure, maintains the motherland the unification; "Many Yuan" are the crosswise legitimacy, manifests for various nationalities’ governance pattern, by displays the multi-national area the efficiency and the enthusiasm------and altogether governs on the multi-national area public governance cooperation lookedthat, the article gracefully listens to the village of ManTing take Xishuangbanna autonomous prefecture as a case, thought the multi-national area the cooperation and altogether governs is the multi-national area public governance core value. Gracefully listened to the mold in the formula count for much link is establishes "the Dai garden + village commission + villagers group + villagers to represent the coordinated group", group’s member by the Dai homeland limited company, the village commission cadre, the villagers group’s cadre and the villagers was composed on behalf of the four directions, coordinated each kind of question together which in the public governance更多还原