论中国少数民族劳动者素质技能和社会地位的提高

【作者】 李嵘；

【导师】 刘永佶；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族经济， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本文按照理论与实际相结合、历史分析与逻辑分析相统一、分析问题与解决问题相一致的原则，综合运用系统抽象法、调查研究法、比较研究法、数理统计法等研究方法，通过对经济学理论基本范畴的探讨，集中研究中国少数民族劳动者素质技能和社会地位的提高，论证中国少数民族经济发展的根本出路。 社会的主体是人，而劳动是人的本质的核心，它与需要、交往、意识四要素的统一构成对人的本质的规定。劳动者是劳动的主体，也是生产的主体。劳动者的素质技能是生产的根据，它的集中发挥构成生产力的内容。但劳动者素质技能的提高和发挥，又受到劳动者的社会地位的制约，即受社会制度和结构的制约。社会制度和结构的基本点是权利，在经济上，就是劳动力和生产资料的所有权。这两个权利是劳动者经济地位的标志。而由所有权派生的民主权，又是劳动者政治地位的标志。 经济的发展，核心是人的发展，是人的素质技能的提高。经济是以劳动有意识地在交往中满足需要的社会过程，经济发展是人本质各要素的矛盾运动进程，经济发展的根本是劳动者素质技能，劳动者素质技能的程度和发挥又取决于劳动者的社会地位。劳动者素质技能的提高与发挥是经济发展的根据与内容，劳动者素质技能的提高与发挥又受其社会地位的制约，因此，劳动者素质技能与其社会地位的矛盾，是经济发展的基本矛盾。 中国少数民族经济，是指在中国处于少数人口的55个民族的社会生产和经济生活，是对除了汉族以外的中国各民族的生产、交换、分配、消费等经济活动和在这些过程中结成的生产关系的高度概括。少数民族经济作为中国经济的重要组成部分，其改革必须坚持这种一般与特殊的结合才能解决。在这个过程中，我们认为劳动者素质技能相对低下是少数民族经济落后的根本原因，只有确立并保证少数民族劳动者的社会主体地位，提高素质技能才能促进少数民族经济的经济发展。中国少数民族经济体制改革的目标方向就是在确立和保证民族劳动者主体地位的基础上，确实提高劳动者的素质技能。社会主义制度为少数民族劳动者素质技能发展开辟了更多还原

【Abstract】 This study focuses on the improvement of the quality skill and social status of China’s ethnic laborers, and explores the fundamental approaches to the economic development of the country’s ethnic peoples based on the principles of theories being combined with practice, the unity of historical and logic analyses, and the coordination between the analysis of and solution to problems. Practical methods are also adopted such as system abstraction, investigations, comparison and statistics.Human being is the subject of society, and labor, the core of human nature, constitutes the regulation of human nature together with other three factors such as need, communication and consciousness. Laborer is the subject of labor as well as production. The quality skill of laborer makes up the base of production and the foll play of quality skill forms the content of productivity. However, the foll play and enhancement of quality skill of laborer is restricted by the social status of the laborer, or social system and institutions. The fundamental point of social system and institution is right, or economically the ownership of laborer and productive materials. The two kinds of rights are the symbol of laborer’s economic status. Meanwhile, the right of democracy, derived from ownership, is the symbol of laborer’s political status.Economic development is definitely preceded by the development of human being, by the enhancement of the quality skill of human being. Economy is a process in which labor meets the demand of social communications. Likewise, economic development is the procedure in which various major factors of human nature interact with each other. The foundation of economic development lies with the quality skill of laborer whose exercise is conversely determined by the laborer’s social status. The enhancement and foll play of laborer’s quality skill is subject to the restriction of his / her social status. In this sense, the contradiction between laborer’s quality skill and his / her social status is the essential contradiction in economic development.更多还原