【作者】 罗玉柱；

【导师】 赵有璋；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 生物的种质应该指该物种的全套遗传物质,即其基因组。每个物种都有其种质特征,从而使得一种生物有别于另一种生物。甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊是中国育成的高原型细毛羊品种,它们都繁育在海拔3000 m左右的地区,已成为当地农牧民的重要经济收入来源之一。为了阐明高原型细毛羊的部分分子遗传标记特征,阐述高原型细毛羊品种间的遗传相关和遗传差异,为国内外评价细毛羊品种种质特征和遗传多样性提供基础数据,选择甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊作为研究对象,选择藏羊、滩羊、湖羊、小尾寒羊、岷县黑裘皮羊5个国内绵羊品种共7个群体及国外引进品种无角陶赛特羊和特克赛尔羊2个品种为比较研究对象,共11个群体采集血样432份,运用15个微卫星座位,对绵羊群体的微卫星DNA标记开展研究。实验数据采用相关的软件通过计算机处理。结果如下:(1)11个绵羊群体的15个微卫星座位共发现201个等位基因,青海细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊群体中的等位基因数均为128个。每个微卫星座位上都有占有优势的等位基因,且对于不同群体在相同座位上的优势基因是不同的,如青海细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊在HSC座位上的优势基因分别是281 bp(频率为23.86%)和279 bp(频率为21.59%);在ILSTS005座位上的优势基因均为196 bp(频率分别为34.44%和51.11%)。在15个微卫星座位上,在甘肃高山细毛羊和青海细毛羊群体中所发现的等位基因平均数相同,均为8.53个。(2)在11个绵羊群体中,2个引进绵羊品种的遗传多样性相对于中国9个绵羊群体较低。青海细毛羊和甘肃高山细毛羊的观察杂合度分别为0.7465和0.7435,期望杂合度分别为0.7577和0.7565。(3)在准确性检验、杂合子缺失检验和杂合子增加检验中,分别有25个、更多还原

【Abstract】 The germplasm for each species means its whole genetic material, i.e. its genome. There is different germplasm in the character for every species. The germplasm is very important for every species because it is a nameplate for animal, plant or microorganism. The breeds of Gansu Alpin Merino (GSM) and Qinghai Merino (QHM) have been developing by China. They both are plateau-type merino breeds. The breeds are living and feeding at the region of the sea level of 3000 m or so in China. The fine-wool sheep husbandry is a traditional industry in Qinghai and Gansu. It is an important income for the local farmer. In order to clarify the molecular markers of the Alpin merino, to elucidate the genetic relationship and the genetic difference between GSM and QHM, and to provide the fundamental data on evaluating the germplasm and biodiversity of livings, the characterization of the microsatellite DNA markers of GSM and QHM populations was carried out. The control groups include the other native sheep breeds, i.e. Tibeten sheep (from the southern Gansu, Huangchen sheep farm of Gansu and Sanjiaochen sheep farm of Qinghai, respectively), Tan sheep, Hu sheep, Small-tailed Han sheep and Minxian Black fur sheep, and two imported exotic sheep breeds, i.e. Texel and Dorset. The total of 11 populations was sampled. All the populations were assessed for germplasm characterization or genetic diversity using 15 microsatellite loci. A wide range of statistical analyses were performed on the data to answer questions on population genetic diversity, relationship and differentiation. The results are as follows: (1) A total of 201 alleles were detected at 15 microsatellite loci in 432 sheep individuals of 11 populations. There are 128 alleles in the populations of QHM and GSM, respectively. There is the dominant allele at each microsatellite locus. And the dominant allele at each microsatellite is different for each population, for example, the dominant allele size at locus HSC is 281 bp and 23.86% of allele frequency for QHM, the size 279 bp and 21.59% of allele frequency for GSM. The更多还原