【作者】 赵红；

【导师】 包信和；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（大连化学物理研究所） ， 物理化学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 催化是最早利用诸如纳米粒子和纳米线等低维材料的领域之一。本论文利用阳极氧化铝（AAO）为基础,结合水热、溶胶凝胶（sol-gel）、化学改性等手段制备了多种低维材料,并考察了其在催化领域特别是环境催化领域的应用:（1）制备出TiO₂纳米粒子,纳米棒和纳米管。前驱体是Ti₄F,pH = 1.6-2.4时,能得到管壁上有中孔存在且直径范围在100-150 nm的TiO₂纳米管。（2）利用AAO为初始材料,在45oC稀磷酸中浸渍不同时间可以得到线状、带状、管状等不同形貌的氧化铝。AAO模板特殊结构和组成造成的择优溶解是不同形貌纳米氧化铝纤维形成的主要原因。单胞壁上的缺陷和单胞相连处的小孔是腐蚀和松散作用易于发生的地方,这是形成多种形貌的原因。（3） AAO制备的氧化铝纳米材料的表面酸性（阴离子插入所致）和规整取向是其对光催化降解吡啶反应产生催化作用的主要原因。由AAO制备的站立在母体模板上的规整氧化铝棒,对280 nm左右的紫外光有强烈的吸收能力。（4）葡萄糖还原-水热-AAO模板制备出填充在AAO管内的细长的银粒子。用NaOH溶去AAO模板后,得到低维纳米银片。更多还原

【Abstract】 Catalysis is one of the fields which have initiated the use of low dimension materials for a long time. The paper herein reports the synthesis of a variety of ultra-fine materials grounded on anodic aluminum oxide （AAO） by hydrothermal method, sol-gel method and chemically modification method. Potential applications in environmental catalysis of these ultra-fine materials prepared in the work have also been studied in the paper:（1） Nano-particles, nano-rods and sub-micron tubes of TiO₂ were synthesized with the template of AAO by sol-gel method. The diameters of the tubes are in the ranges of 100-150 nm when pH values 1.6-2.4. It is confirmed that there are mesopores around 10 nm in the walls of the tubes.（2） Without any other support during etching in dilute phosphoric acid aqueous solutions （6 wt %）, alumina nano-tubes, nano-belts and nano-wires were fabricated from AAO under different etching times. Besides the etching effect of phosphoric acid on the structure, a loosening effect also occurs along the boundaries of the colloid bundles. Because of the incorporation of acid anions during anodization, the composition of the individual cell wall is affected and three different layers formed. Therefore, the etching rates of different layers of the cell wall are influenced, which leads to the formation of various nano-structures.（3） The surface acidity （resulted from anion incorporated during anodization） of alumina got from AAO and its ordered orientation are believed to be the reasons to explain its catalytic effects in pyridine更多还原