【作者】 张艳芳；

【导师】 任志远；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 生态安全是近一、二十年在国内外兴起的一个新的研究领域，已经引起国内外政府部门和众多学者的高度关注。生态安全被认为是国家安全的基石，其研究内容是当前全球变化研究的重要内容之一，也是中国持续发展和西部大开发研究关注的重点问题。当前，有关生态安全研究的理论与方法仍有待进一步深入，有关生态安全定量评价的方法、准则、预测与预警、阈值等方面的研究是国内学者研究的焦点，也是难点。 本论文共分三部分，第一部分是总结国内外生态安全的研究进展；第二部分是探讨景观尺度上的生态安全研究的理论，包括论文第二、三、四章；第三部分是运用以上理论，对重点实验区的生态安全进行实践研究，包括论文第五、六、七、八、九章。在理论上，①探讨景观尺度上的生态安全评价基本参照系；②提出基于生态过程的综合反映区域生态质量和空间格局关系的生态风险指数与生态安全指数的计算模型。在生态安全评价标准中，将大量的生物学与环境因素的指标评价转化为景观生态评价，简化评价内容与计算过程；③运用研究中所构建的生态安全评价指标，在景观栅格单元尺度上进行生态安全阈值的探讨；④充分考虑了人文社会因素在景观变化与生态安全动态中的影响，提出区域景观文化响应和生态恢复措施的建议。在技术手段上，①运用3S技术和GEOCA模型，探索和分析生态安全动态模拟的方法；②运用景观栅格单元尺度上的生态安全评价结果，分析区域内部生态安全状态的空间差异特征。 在研究中获得的主要结论：①在景观尺度上进行区域生态安全评价和动态模拟，在揭示区域生态安全状态的空间差异与时空动态特征方面具有良好效果；②景观本底值与景观背景值是在景观尺度上进行区域生态安全研究的核心内容之一，对景观本底值与景观背景值的恢复和确定的精度是决定研究成果精度的重要因素之一。在本研究中，运用研究区的历史地理研究成果与土地利用适宜性评价结果，综合形成区域景观本底值与景观背景值，在整体上把握重点实验区一定历史时期的景观状态；③运用景观压力指数、景观安全格局风险指数、景观格局风险指数与景观动态风险指数构建的景观生态风险指数和景观生态安全指数涵盖现状景观类型的风险状态、景观空间格局的潜在风险和现状风险以及景观动态中的风险程度多个方面的评价，实现多个综合性指标的有机结合。从评价结果来看，生态安全指数所反映的定量指标与根据沙漠化程度进行生态安全定性分析的结更多还原

【Abstract】 Ecological security is a new research domain, springing up in recent ten-twenty years. High attentions have been paid by many governments and scholars at home and abroad. Ecological security is regarded as foundation stone of national security, and its content of research is one of the main parts in global change at present. It also has been a key problem in sustainable development in China, especially in Western China development. Concerned theories and methods on ecological security still need further development. It is the focus and bottleneck of domestic researches about method, principle, prediction and threshold value of quantificational assessment during studying ecological security.This paper was made up of three parts. The first part summarized research progress on ecological security at home and abroad. The second part, including chapter II, III, IV, was theoretic discussion of ecological security on landscape scale. The third, consisting of chapter V, VI, VII, VIII and IX, was demonstration study of ecological security in Yuyang district using above theory. Based on related researches on ecological security at home and abroad and abundant investigation materials in the field, the study groped for methods, index system and technical means of regional ecological security by using landscape ecology. From theories, firstly, the study discussed basic assessment reference frame of ecological security on landscape scale. Secondly, it put forward the models of ecological risk index and ecological safety index, which could reflect synthetically regional ecological quality and spatial pattern based on ecological process. In assessment principle of ecological security, Landscape ecological assessment can predigests assessment content and calculation process without large numbers of indexes introduced from biology and environment. Thirdly, it probed into threshold value of ecological security on landscape grid scale by using assessment indexes designed in the study. Finally, taking impact of human factors on landscape change and ecological security into consideration, it gave suggestions on regional landscape cultural constructions and ecological restoration. From technical means, the research analyzed method of dynamic simulation on ecological security by using GPS, RS, GIS and GEOCA. It also discussed spatial differences of ecological security within更多还原