【作者】 金莲；

【导师】 汪三贵；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 农业经济管理， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 在发展中国家,教育研究经常考察学校环境和家庭环境对孩子教育成就的影响,很少有研究去确定教育费用与教育成就之间的关系。本研究就以教育费用作为切入点,运用多元线性回归模型和PROBIT等计量模型,研究教育费用与孩子入学情况以及学习成绩之间的关系,以期望在此过程中发现隐藏在表面现象后面的本质性的特征及规律,为政府制定相关政策提供有价值的参考依据。 本研究由六个部分组成:第一章,引言。论述研究背景、研究意义、研究目标、研究方法、论文结构及资料来源。第二章,文献综述。介绍国内外关于教育费用和教育成就研究的理论、方法及成果。第三章,学费变化及其决定因素。重点叙述我国农村义务教育阶段学校收取学费的水平、构成、变化以及“一费制”收费的实施效果,同时还系统描述了经济发展与贫困程度与学费变化之间的关系,最后利用计量经济模型分析学费的决定因素。第四章,农村家庭教育支出状况及因素分析。包括农村家庭教育支出总量、分布及县级差异,深入探讨了家庭教育负担程度,同时还对家庭教育支出和学费水平进行比较,最后利用计量经济方法分析了家庭教育支出的决定因素。第五章,教育费用与孩子入学决策。详细介绍样本孩子入学状况,并利用计量方法研究家庭教育决策的影响因素。第六章,孩子学习成绩的影响因素分析。首先描述了孩子学习成绩的总体情况以及分布情况,然后运用回归模型讨论了影响孩子学习成绩的主要因素。第三章、第四章、第五章和第六章是相互独立又密切联系的四个部分。 通过研究,得出以下结论:(1)教育费用确实影响着教育成就。在当前减免学杂费的基础上,教育费用并不是引起农村孩子辍学的主要因素。另外增加教育费用有助于提高孩子的学习成绩,不过贫困的孩子还是会因为得不到更多的教育投入而影响学习成绩。因此,贫困是影响我国农村贫困地区孩子教育的重要因素,应极力改善贫困地区贫困的现状,增加农民收入,减轻农民教育负担,政策制定应更多地偏向于贫困家庭。(2)国家政策应采取地方偏向政策,对国定贫困县或其它较为贫困的地区在教育上给予更多的经费支持,对不同地区应采取不同的刺激教育需求的政策,以缩小地区差距,实现真正意义上的教育公平。(3)学校质量与孩子的教育之间存在着千丝万缕的联系,政策制定者应该重视农村学校的质量,提高学校的教学质量,改善学校的物质条件,建设良好的教育环境。(4)家庭教育决策存在着明显的性别差异,父母亲都更倾向于男孩,女孩要继续学习必须有更好的学习成绩,应采取积极有效的政策促进女孩入学,特别是生活在贫困家庭中的女孩。(5)父亲和母亲的教育对孩子的教育至关重要,而且母亲的教育程度表现出更大地影响,尤其是对女孩的影响。因此应重视提高父亲和母亲的文化水平。(6)应该改善孩子的上学环境,对于那些家庭居住得较远的孩子给予帮助。孩子上学的距离与孩子的学习成绩之间出现负相关关系,近年来合并学校的政策对孩子的学习成绩造成了负面影响,因此对目前农村集中资源办学的政策应重新思索。(7)完善农村信贷体系,增加农村的教育贷款。 论文在借鉴与吸收国内外研究成果的基础上,取得一定的创新:首先,以往的研究多关注教育成就水平的测量,如对入学率的计算,本研究则从多个角度估计了教育成就。其次,所使用的数据使我们能构造出比以前更直接地估计有趣变量的方法。如用从正规和非正规渠道得到的债务以及借款能力的数据,我们可以用来估计农户的信贷能力,并分别检验财富和信贷的影响。第三,考虑到母亲与父亲在家庭决策中办演着不同的角色,本研究以母亲的权利引入模型,估计其对孩子入学及学习成绩的影响。最后,有关学校质量数据的获得使本研究能够估计学校质量的影响。这些创新提供了全新的视角,也扩展了关于中国农村教育成就实证研究的范围。更多还原

【Abstract】 Education research in developing countries often investigates school and family socioeconomic influences on children’s achievement and attainment. Less research has sought to identify the relation between educational fees and education achievement and attainment. This dissertation is to study education fees and education attainment and factors which affect them in western region of rural China.The paper is organized as follows. Section 1 is introduction (problematic;research background;significance and objective of study;approach and methodology;frameworks;data.) . In the second part theories, methods and productions being applied into this study are reviewed and commented. Section 3 analyzes the change of school fees and determinants of school fees. Section 4 studies the level and composing of education expenditures and determinants. Section 5 describes the status of enrollment of children and what is the relationship between enrollment and education fees. At the same time, this paper presents other factors, such as wealth of household, land, education of parents, and school quality, that may bring positive or negative impact on access to school. Section 6 analyzes test scores of children. Section 7 concludes.The results are following: (1) Educational fees indeed affect education attainment. Education fees are not the main factor of children dropping out in rural China. Increasing educational fees are helpful to advancing test score of children. But children from poorer households have a disadvantage in school performance, and poverty still may be an important issue in education attainment because of its direct effects on education, so the government should improve farmers’ status, increase their income, alleviate their educational burden and constitute more pro-poor policies. (2) The government should draw out different policies in different areas, in order to reduce region gap, and carry out education equity indeed. (3) School quality brings very big influence. Policy constitutor should attach importance to rural school quality, enhance teaching quality, improve material condition and build a good educational environment. (4) Education decision-making of family has obvious gender bias. Parents are all inclined to boys. Girls must have better scores if they want to go school. The government should adopt actively effective measures to promote girls school attainment. (5) Parents’ education has positive effect on children’ education. Mother’s education has a much greater influence on children’s enrollment and test scores than father’s education, and that mother’s education has a greater effect on girls’ education. So the government should consider to advance educational level of father and mother. (6) The distance from home to school has negative effect on children’ test scores, which shows that the policy of merging school is not right-on in rural, at least it affects children’ learning. So the government should reconsider the policy on running a school by centralizing resource in rural. (7) Increase education loan.The detailed data make several innovations possible. First, unlike many studies that focus on single measures of attainment, especially enrollment, we examine multiple outcomes that reflect both enrollment and learning within school. Next, the data enable us to construct more direct measures of variables of interest than in previous studies. Using data on existing debt and the ability to borrow money from both formal and informal sources, we construct a measure of household credit limits, which allows us to test separately the effects of wealth and credit limits. A direct question on the role of mothers relative to fathers in the decision to enroll children in school serves as a measure of women’s empowerment. Last, local school quality measures are available from surveys, so the effects of school quality can be estimated. These innovations provide general insights, but also enable us to go well beyond the scope of existing empirical studies of educational attainment in rural China, which have typically used large data sets with limited information.更多还原