【作者】 吕月良；

【导师】 施季森；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 林木遗传育种， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 福建山樱花为著名的木本观赏花卉，现在人们对其研究甚少。本文比较系统地研究了福建山樱花的群落学、遗传多样性、繁育技术和育种策略，通过试验研究，得出如下的研究结果： 1、通过对福建山樱花自然分布较多的福建、江西和广东3省的福建山樱花群落进行调查分析，结果表明福建山樱花群落高矮和立木密集程度在不同样地间存在很大的差异，但垂直结构均较简单；以中小乔木和灌木占数量优势，以常绿植物占绝对优势，壳斗科、樟科、山茶科为优势科，拟赤杨、青冈、细叶青冈、山胡椒、香桂为优势树种；层间植物较少，且均为木质藤本植物；生活型组成则以高位芽植物占显著优势(72.1％)。群落的外貌是由小型叶(69.6％)、单叶(90.7％)、草质叶(43.8％)或革质叶(39.8％)为主的常绿高位芽植物所决定的，具有明显的亚热带常绿阔叶林特点。群落乔木树种以中小径级占绝对优势，中径级和大径级的很少，群落处于旺盛生长期；但通过对群落立木结构的研究表明，福建山樱花种群已处于衰退模式，有即将在群落中消失的可能，需加强对其保护研究。 2、采用微卫星(SSR)分子标记技术，研究了福建山樱花的遗传多样性。从120对近缘树种开发出的SSR引物中筛选出10对多态性较高的引物，对13个福建山樱花野生群体进行扩增和分析，SSR引物扩增出的等位基因(A)平均有7.4000个，有效等位基因(Ne)平均为3.5903个，Shannon多样性指数平均为1.4269，平均期望杂合度(He)为0.6904，Nei遗传多样性指数(h)0.6893，表明福建山樱花物种内存在较高的遗传多样性；13个群体的群体内遗传多样性由高到低的顺序为福建漳平群体、福建连城群体、福建邵武群体、福建武夷山吴屯群体、福建南平群体、福建沙县群体、广东曲江群体、福建武夷山星村群体、台湾阿里山群体、台湾阳明山群体、江西乐安群体、江西赣县群体、福建德化群体，其中福建漳平群体的遗传多样性最高；平均固定指数(F)为-0.02537，表明福建山樱花野生群体杂合体过量；遗传分化系数为(Fst)为0.1477，表明14.77％的遗传变异存在于群体间，85.23％的遗传变异存在于群体内；基因流(Nm)为1.4427，表明群体间存在一定的基因交流；根据每个群体的Nei氏遗传距离进行UPGMA和NJ聚类，13个群体可分为四大类群：广东曲江为一类；福建连城和福建漳平为一类；台湾阿里山、台湾阳明山、福建德化和福建沙县为一类；其他的群体聚为一类；遗传距离和地理距离有较显著的相关性。 3、以福建山樱花为接穗，食用樱桃、毛樱桃、山樱和福建山樱花一年生实生苗为砧木，对福建山樱花进行了嫁接繁殖研究。结果表明：食用樱桃+福建更多还原

【Abstract】 Cerasus campanulata was a famous woody flower species and was seldom research on it. In this paper, research results were reported on community, genetic diversity, propagation technology and breeding strategy of C. campanulata in relatively systematic. There were some results as follows:1. Based on the investigation for natural community of C. campanulata in three Provinces such as Fujian, Jiangxi and Guangdong Province, the result showed that there were prodigious differences in tree height and density which vertical structures were both simple relatively in different area. Small arbor and shrub were predominant in quantity and evergreen plants were maximum. Fagaceae, Lauraceae and Theaceae were dominant families, Alniphyllum fortunei, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia, Lindera glauca, Cinnamomum petrophilum were dominant tree species. Plants were woody lianas which were indigent among layers, perch-bud was predominant in existent type composition(72.1%).The appearance of community took on characteristic of sub-tropic evergreen broadleaf forest, which was decided by evergreen perch-bud plant that was made up of minitype foliage(69.6%), single foliage(90.7%), grassy foliage(43.8%)or leathery foliage(39.8%). Small class trees were dominant absolutely in arbor of community, while middle and big class trees were very indigent. The community was in a prosperous period for growth, through C. campanulata was likely to die away in community which was required to be protected urgently.2. With 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci, which were screened from 120 pair of primers, samples fron 13 Ceracus campanulata populations were to be analyzed. There were relatively high level of genetic diversity detected in Ceracus campanulata species. The average number alleles (A) and effective number of alleles (Ne) was 7.4000 and 3.5903 at the species level, respectively. The mean expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.6904, The mean Nei diversity index (h) was 0.6893 and Shannon information index was 1.4269 on average. Dendrogram was obtained by UPGMA cluster based on genetic distance, thirteen populations were to be subdivided into four groups, one population from Qujiang county from Guangdong province was included in group 1, two populations from Liancheng county and Zhangping city in Fujian province were in group 2, four populations from Taiwan and two from Dehua county and Shaxian county in Fujian province were included in group 3, and the other populations were in group 4. The population from Zhangping city in Fujian province was the highest in genetic diversity among 13 populations. The coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.1477 on更多还原