【作者】 沙智明；

【导师】 杨以涵；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（河北） ， 电力系统及其自动化， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 目前,大电网互联已成为世界各国电力工业发展的趋势,但大电网运行将给电网安全稳定带来潜在威胁。基于GPS的广域实时同步相量测量技术的重要应用价值是在系统发生扰动或故障时提供系统的实时动态信息,为电力系统暂态稳定分析与控制提供了重要手段。本文围绕开发广域实时同步相量测量系统开展了研究工作,着重研究了如何实现广域实时同步相量测量系统,以及如何提高其实时性。本文的主要工作如下:(1)提出了一种自适应遗传算法,引入进化时间的概念,构造了进化衰减因子,自动调整算法的交叉与变异概率,克服了一般遗传算法易早熟的缺点,加快了寻优速度,并保护了最优解。还提出了一种自适应随机扰动蚁群算法,为信息素挥发残留系数引入自适应调节机制,加入了随机扰动策略,克服了以往蚁群算法易搜索停滞和陷入局部最优的缺点,在保证收敛速度前提下,提高了蚁群算法的全局收敛性。综合系统的经济性与可观性指标,给出了PMU安装地点选择优化问题的数学模型。根据以上提出的两种算法,给出了PMU安装地点配置的通用优化算法。(2)为小波神经网络提出了同伦学习方法,解决了梯度法收敛速度慢、牛顿法对初值敏感的缺点。应用该方法预测参考相角和发电机功角,提高了预测的精度和速度。IEEE 39节点系统的算例研究表明,在典型故障情况下,预测0.5s参考相角的误差小于2o,预测0.5s发电机功角的误差在5o左右。(3)给出了一种网络化的广域高速实时通信系统,开发了其中的关键设备——广域实时通信网关,组建了4节点的广域高速实时通信实验室系统,进行了1500km距离的现场试验,论证了在1000km范围、50节点规模的通信系统中, 100字节的短帧数据在10ms、1000字节的长帧数据在20ms内均能够上传和下达。(4)给出了基于CompactPCI总线结构的同步相量测量装置的设计方案,研制了2台装置并现场安装运行。装置可实时测量母线电压、电流相量、发电机电势、功角和转速等状态量,并可监视开关的变位、输出跳闸信号,同时兼容了动态录波和就地输出时标功能。(5)实现了一种电力系统广域实时同步相量测量系统,现场安装了1套主站、1台参考站、2台测量子站和1套实时通信系统,完成了对发电厂的发电机电势、功角和转速与变电站母线电压、电流相量等20ms一轮的遥测,实现了开关变位遥信和开关遥控命令在10ms内完成上传下达。现场调试表明,测量系统的功能和性能指标达到了高速和实时的要求,为最终实现预测控制打下坚实基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 As power industry enters the new century, wide area inter-connected power grids expand a lot. But, there exit potential security and stabilization problems in such large system. The wide area sychncronized phasor measurement system is a powerful tool for power system monitoring and control, which can gather the real-time dynamic information of the power grids.This dissertation addresses two main issues for the power system: development of a new wide area real-time sychncronized phasor measurement system and how to improve the real-time character of the measurement system.A new wide area real-time sychncronized phasor measurement system is proposed and implemented, which consist of a dispatch system, reference measurement station, power plant and transformer substation measurement station , and real-time communication system. The new measurement system could measure all the generator power angels and potential, the substation bus voltage and current phasors in 20 milliseconds and the breaker state in 10 milliseconds. The control decisions could also be sent to destination is 10 milliseconds.The evolution attenuator factor is introduced into the genetic algorithm, which enables a new adaptive genetic algorithm to adjust the possibilities of crossover and mutation adaptively according to both the individual fitness and evolution generations. Another new meta-heuristic approach called Adaptive Stochastic Perturbing Ant Colony System is also presented. Both algorithms are applied to optimize the Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) placement problem and fulfill the requirement of minimizing the number of PMUs in the system while keeping the all nodes phasor observable. A homotopy training method for the Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) is used to overcome the lower convergency speed of the gradient-based or Newton training method of the WNN. The homotopy-WNN is applied to the multi-step prediction of the reference phase angle and generator power angel and the prediction accuracy fulfill the requirement.A wide area real-time communication system is also constructed for the measurement system. In a 1000km range and 50 nodes provincial system, the communication system could transmit 100 bytes packet and 1000 bytes packet in 10 and 20 milliseconds respectively.The CompactPCI bus phasor measurement unit industrial device is developed. The device can measure the voltage and current phasor and generator power angle, and also province local output of the control signals.更多还原