【作者】 杨兵；

【导师】 孙德敏；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学技术大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 随着市场竞争的加剧、能源的日益短缺以及对环境保护越来越严格的要求，迫切要求火电机组提高其过程控制水平，降低能耗及大气污染排放，一种行之有效的办法是采用先进控制与工程优化技术。模型预测控制等先进控制算法和各种优化算法在理论上日臻成熟，其中有些算法在国外已经取得了广泛的工业应用。在我国，新型控制系统的引入已经为这些先进算法的应用提供了硬件条件，因而出现了一些成功应用的例子，然而，这些应用距离算法的工程推广还有相当的距离，其原因是多方面的：首先，许多算法理论过于复杂、参数调节不够简洁直观，难以被一般的工程人员掌握；其次，缺乏自主开发的工程化软件。 我们选择阶梯式广义预测控制(SGPC)算法和一种基于过程动态模型的在线优化算法，从先进控制与优化两个方面，理论与实践两个层次探讨这些算法与它们在火电机组中的实际应用之间的衔接问题。 论文开始简要回顾了先进控制、预测控制及工程优化技术的发展，并对火电机组中先进控制与优化技术的应用进行了归类综述，指出这些算法在我国火电机组中远没有得到工程推广，进而引出本文的主要研究内容。论文的主体部分包括算法的研究、工程软件的开发及具体工业应用，首先，针对上述两方面的原因，对阶梯式广义预测控制算法和一种基于过程动态模型的优化算法进行改进，并开发一套工程化的软件平台，然后，在一台具体的火电锅炉上进行先进控制和优化，实验结果进一步验证了这些技术和思想的可行性。最后，总结了本文的工作并对将来的研究课题进行了展望。 本文在研究内容上的主要特色与创新点体现在以下几个方面： 一．针对具体工业应用中在参数调节方面碰到的问题，对阶梯式广义预测控制算法进行改进。改进后的算法在保持了原算法性能的基础上，使其参数调节更直观，从而更容易被一般工程人员掌握，这对于促进该算法的工程推广很有意义。 二．以一种基于过程动态模型的在线优化算法为基础，通过对其中的优化算法和在线模型辨识算法进行改进，避免了矩阵求逆，增强了对于干扰的适应能力，得到了一种性能良好、实现方便的算法。 三．采用面向对象的设计方法，在国内首次开发了一套针对火电锅炉的先进控制与优化软件平台，该平台通过模块化设计、实现统一的数据预处理以及灵活而严格的安全限制，容易应用于实际的工业过程中。 四．针对山东省石横发电厂2号锅炉，通过燃烧调整试验了解其特性，实现了氧量校正回路的预测控制，并在我国电站锅炉中首次实现基于动态非更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the increasing competitive pressures in the market, the shortage of the energy sources day by day, and the more stringent environmental regulations, it is urgent for thermal power units to improve the performance of the process automatic control, and to reduce the energy consumption and air pollution emission, using advanced process control and optimization techniques is deemed to be a feasible method. Advanced process control algorithms, such as model predictive control (MPC), and many kinds of optimization algorithms have achieved increasingly perfect theoretical results, and some of the algorithms have be widely used in industry in some developed country. In us china, the introduction of the new-style control systems has already provided hardware condition for the application of the advanced algorithms, therefore, some instances have appeared, however, there is still a distance between the current state and the popularization of the algorithms in industry. The reasons are various: firstly, most algorithms are very complex in theory, and the tuning of the parameters is not so simple and intuitive for the general engineers to master; secondly, there is a lack of self-developed engineering software.Choosing Stair-like Generalized Predictive Control (SGPC) algorithm and a kind of dynamic-process-model-based online optimization algorithm, we discussed the junction of the advanced algorithms and their industrial application in thermal power unit, the discussion involved two aspects, advanced control and optimization, not only in theoretic, but also in practice.At the beginning of the thesis, we gave a brief review of the development of advanced control, predictive control, and optimization techniques, and then the applications of advanced control and optimization to thermal power units were classified and summarized, by pointing out that the algorithms were far from being generalized in thermal power units in our country, the research content of this thesis was educed. The main body of this thesis includes the research on the algorithms, the design of the engineering applications software, and the practice in industry. Firstly, aiming at the above two reasons, SGPC algorithm and the dynamic-process-model-based online optimization algorithm were improved, and then an engineering software platform was developed, whereafter, we used advanced control and optimization in a special thermal power plant boiler, the results show the feasibility of the technique and the thought. In the end, research work of this更多还原