【作者】 严美玲；

【导师】 王振林；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 本研究选用强筋小麦藁城8901、济南17和弱筋小麦山农1391为材料,于2003～2006年采用大田试验、盆栽试验和室内生理生化分析相结合的技术路线,研究了不同灌溉处理及水氮互作对强弱筋小麦产量品质的影响,以及产量品质形成的生理基础;研究了水氮互作条件下小麦强势粒与弱势粒的淀粉含量及其组分含量与淀粉合成相关酶的关系,研究了水氮互作条件下小麦强势粒与弱势粒内源激素的含量变化及平衡对小麦灌浆的调节机制。主要结果如下:1、水氮运筹对小麦籽粒产量品质的影响水氮互作对小麦籽粒产量影响较大。花后水分胁迫条件下,随施氮量的增加,小麦籽粒产量显著提高;灌水条件下,氮肥施用量200kg/hm2(纯氮)处理小麦籽粒产量较高,表明水氮互作有利于小麦籽粒产量的提高。增施氮肥可以明显提高山农1391与济南17籽粒蛋白质含量和GMP含量。施氮量为200kg/hm2时,花后水分胁迫明显提高山农1391的籽粒蛋白质含量,而降低强筋品种济南17的籽粒蛋白质含量。随施氮量增加,2品种籽粒清蛋白含量呈降低趋势,而球蛋白、醇溶蛋白与谷蛋白含量均升高。随施氮量的增加,强弱筋小麦干湿面筋含量均呈升高趋势。花后水分胁迫处理提高了弱筋小麦山农1391的干湿面筋含量,而降低了强筋小麦济南17的干湿面筋含量。氮肥施用量200kg/hm2有利于强弱筋小麦沉降值的提高;同一氮肥用量条件下,花后水分胁迫不利于沉降值的提高。济南17沉降值显著高于山农1391。水氮互作对RVA粘度参数的影响存在明显的基因性差异。弱筋小麦山农1391 200kg/hm2氮肥用量处理有利于峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度的提高。花后水分胁迫条件下,对强筋小麦济南17而言, 200kg/hm2氮肥用量处理的峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度值较高,而在灌溉条件下,济南17各处理的峰值粘度、低谷粘度和最终粘度值随施氮量的增加而提高,表明水氮互作可改善面粉粘度特性。适量灌溉(起身水与孕穗水)提高了强筋小麦的千粒重、穗粒数,利于强筋品种提高籽粒产量。山农1391 2水和3水处理与不浇水处理相比,产量分别提高了11.9%和19.3%,小麦全生育期不灌水处理显著降低了籽粒产量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Two wheat cultivars, GC8901, JN17 with high gluten content and SN1391 with low gluten content were used for investigating integrative effects of irrigation and nitrogen combination on grain yield and quality through systematic experiments in 2003～2006 under both field and pot conditions. The study focused on the physiological basis, related enzyme activities and dynamic changes of plant Hormones in Developing strong grains and weak grains for the formation of grain yield and quality. The principal results are as follows:1 Effects of the manipulation of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on grain yield and qualityThe manipulation of irrigation and nitrogen had a great effect on grain yield and wheat quality. Under post anthesis water stress condition, grain yield increased significantly with increasing amount of nitrogen application. 200kg/hm2 nitrogen amount led to increased grain yield, indicating that wheat yield could be effctively increased by approariate combination of irrigation and nitrogen manipulations.Increasing nitrogen application amount could increase the grain protein content, GMP content of two wheat cultivars of SN1391 and JN17. Grain protein content in SN1391 was increased by post anthesis water stress under 200kg/hm2 nitrogen application amount, but a reversed tendency was observed in JN17. Increasing nitrogen amount led to reduced albumin content and increased globumin, gliadin, glutenin contents.Increasing amount of nitrogen improved the dry and wet glutenin contents in GC8901 and SN1391. Dry and wet gluten content were increased in SN1391 and decreased in JN17 by post anthesis water stress, respectively. And dry and wet glutenin contents in SN1391 was significantly lower than that in JN17.Sedimentation volume was highest with 200kg/hm2 nitrogen appilcation amount in both更多还原