【作者】 刘丽琴；

【导师】 袁树人；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 进入21世纪以来,在各种利益与压力的驱使下,越来越多的跨国公司开始实施本地化经营战略。跨国公司本地化经营战略的实施,不仅有效地推动了其全球化战略的发展,而且也在一定程度上促进了东道国的经济发展。本文在综合国内外已有文献资料的基础上,综合运用经济地理学、经济学、管理学等学科的相关理论,采取规范研究和实证研究相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的方法,首先研讨了跨国公司本地化经营的概念内涵、相关理论、动因和区域影响条件。然后,从经济发展的角度系统研究跨国公司本地化经营战略的实施对东道国造成的影响。在此基础上,试图概括适应我国国情的跨国公司本地化经营的区域承接机制。最后,将理论研究成果应用于吉林省长春市,采用定量方法深入分析长春市跨国公司本地化经营发展的现状特点及其未来发展对策,以期为长春市经济快速稳定发展提供理论支持。论文在理论上力求丰富人文地理学研究跨国公司的研究方向和视野,实践上期望对于指导长春市乃至发展中国家和地区利用跨国公司本地化经营具有一定的参考价值和实践意义。论文包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。引言部分,简要阐述了跨国公司本地化经营与区域经济发展这一研究课题的选题依据、研究意义、研究思路与方法、分析框架与章节安排。正文部分共分四章。第一章,主要是对跨国公司本地化经营理论的评述。笔者认为跨国公司本地化经营是指跨国公司实施全球化战略时,利用东道国的各种资源优势,参照当地的地理民情、历史文化基础、风俗习惯、宗教信仰及文化传统等进行切合实际地生产管理和市场营销,从而降低生产成本,增强与当地市场的融合,提高跨国公司在当地的竞争力,最终获取最佳利益。就目前情况看来,它主要有原料本地化、人力资源本地化、研发中心本地化、管理本地化、营销本地化等5种表现形式。该战略是跨国公司在实施全球化战略的同时,由于各资本存放地存在的差异性,跨国公司在政策因素、经济因素、市场因素和文化因素等的驱动下实行的一种重要战略,它同跨国公司的全球化战略相辅相成、互相促进。影响跨国公司本地化经营的区域影响条件主要有人力资源条件、产业基础、技术发展水平、市场环境和政策环境等。第二章,重点阐述跨国公司本地化对区域经济发展的影响。第一,跨国公司本地化经营可以弥补东道国的储蓄缺口与外汇缺口,最终促进东道国的资本形成。第二,跨国公司进入东道国实施本地化经营战略后,能够促进东道国相关产业的发展;推动东道国产业结构的升级。第三,跨国公司在东道国实施本地化经营战略时,通过技术转移与技术溢出,推动东道国的技术进步。第四,跨国公司实施本地化经营能够增加东道国的就业数量,提高东道国的就业质量。第五,跨国公司本地化经营对东道国对外贸易的扩大具有重要的影响。第六,跨国公司本地化经营也会对东道国产生一些消极影响:抢夺东道国企业的市场;削弱东道国开发与掌握前沿技术的能力;加重东道国产业结构偏差;压制东道国产业的发展等。可见,跨国公司本地化经营是一把“双刃剑”,如何趋利避害是各东道国和地区不得不面对的紧迫课题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urged by interest and competition, more and more transnational corporations areimplementing local management stratagem since 21 century. Local management stratagem notonly can promote effectively transnational corporations’ global management development, butalso can impulse host country to develop economy in a certain extent. Using theories andmethods concerns on economic geography, economics, and managing, the thesis analylizesthe concept and connotation, relative theories, cause, and regional function of transnationalcorporation local management. Then, the thesis systematically researches the influence oftransnational corporation local management on the host country on the view of economydevelopment. On the basis of the former study, this dissertation strives to formulate somemeasures so that the host country can accept the influence of transnational corporations’ localmanagement strategy. At last, adopting quantity analysis and quality description methods, thethesis systematically analyzes the effects of international corporation local management toChangchun, and summarizes development countermeasure in the future of transnationalcorporations in Changchun. The thesis strives to enrich the theory of transnational corporationand develop the research scope of human geography. And the thesis also expects to contribethe development of transnational corporation local management to Changchun, as well as tothe developing country. This thesis consists of introduction, text and conclusion.The introduction mainly expounds the background, meaning, analysis methods and thefundamental structure of the study.There are four chapters in the text.Chapter One, the thesis reviews the theory of transnational corporation localmanagement. The local management of transnational corporation is that the transnationalcorporations utilize all kinds favorable resources of host country and adopt local civilization,custom, belief and tradition to produce, manage, and sell. In this way, the transnationalcorporation can reduce cost and advance the competing ability. At present, the localmanagement comprises raw material localization, manpower recourse localization, R&Dcenter localization, management localization and marketing localization. The global stratagemand local stratagem of transnational corporation are supple and promote each other. Thefactors that effect the local management of transnational corporation involve manpowerrecourse, industry foundation, technique level, market climate, and policy circumstance, andso on.Chapter Two mainly discusses the influence of local management of transnationalcorporation on regional economic development. Firstly, it can offset the gap of savings andforeign exchange of host country. Secondly, it can promote relevant industries developmentand industry upgrade. Thirdly, the local management of transnational corporation can impulsetechnology advancement in host country by technology transfer and spillover. Fourthly, it canadvance quantity and quality of employment. Fifthly, it has a sufficient significance toscale-up host country’s foreign trade. Sixthly, the local management of transnationalcorporation also has some negative impacts on host country, such as snatching the market ofthe enterprise of host country, weakening the capability of host country’s exploitation andmastery the most advanced technology, aggravating host country industry declination,inhibiting host country industry development, etc. So transnational corporation localmanagement is a “double-edged sword”. How to face the contradiction is the host countryevitable impendent problem.Chapter three forms some measures to accept the influence of local management oftransnational corporation on the host country. First, the thesis figures that industrial clusterplays an important role in accepting the effect of local management of transnationalcorporation. Then put forward some approaches to cultivate and develop industrial cluster,such as extensively fetching in foreign enterprise to cultivate industrial cluster, introducingforeign mainstay corporation, establishing and consummateing product network of industrialcluster, etc. Next, the thesis proposes that technological simulation and innovation helps thehost country to absorb the transnational corporation’s technology. Host country can carry outtechnology imitative innovation by importing advanced technology, studying the productionof transnational corporation, simulating transnational corporation management, etc. Then, thethesis believes that the more labour quality of host country, the easier the local managementof transnational corporation impact to exert. So, for the future the host country shouldstrengthen foundation education, augment education investment, consummate vocationaleducation system, establish inspirit mechanism to improve the quality of labour. Last,institution transplant can accelerate exertion of the impact of transnational corporation localmanagement, and the approaches the host country can take are forced transplant and causedtransplant.Chapter four is empirical study section. On the basis of analysis of the developmentstatus and condition of local management of transnational corporation in Changchun, thethesis analyzes the influence of transnational corporation local management on Changchuneconomy development by qualitative method, namely enhancing Changchun’ economy,impulsing industry upgrade, heightening employment, enlarging foreign trade level. However,transnational corporation local management also has some negative inpact on Changchundevelopment, such as snatching the market share, aggravating industry structure declination,inhibiting technology innovation, etc. To promote transnational corporation local managementand to improve its contribution to Changchun’ development, the paper points out that thegovernment of Changchun should take such countermeasure as cultivating and consummatingindustrial cluster, improving manpower quantity, enhancing technology development,consummating the institution of transnational corporation local management, etc.The last section summarizes the essential conclusion, main contribution and unsolvedproblem, at the same time the thesis points out the research direction in the future.更多还原