【作者】 程三友；

【导师】 刘少峰；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 构造地质学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 中国东北地区处于西伯利亚板块与华北板块之间,区内发育中新生代沉积盆地,是我国重要的石油工业基地之一,具有广阔的油气勘探前景。论文以板块构造理论为研究的学术思路,将盆地及其构造演化与造山作用过程联系起来,采用野外地质调查和室内综合研究相结合的方法,探讨了中国东北地区区域构造特征与中、新生代盆地演化及其动力学背景的科学问题。野外主要进行区域构造特征和典型剖面研究;室内主要是收集地震和钻井等资料,进行区域构造特征、地震剖面解译和构造发育史剖面综合分析,同时辅以岩石地球化学分析、地层层序和沉积相分析等。通过研究,取得以下成果和认识。 1.前中生代构造作用主要表现为众多微板块之间的拼合及其先后与西伯利亚板块、华北板块的最终碰撞造山,多期次、不同方向的拼合造山作用形成了具不同构造指向的造山带。 2.东北地区中新生代盆地演化经历早侏罗世裂陷盆地、中晚侏罗世分割式前陆盆地、晚侏罗世末期至白垩纪裂谷盆地及新生代裂谷盆地四个演化阶段。早侏罗世裂谷盆地以内蒙古大青山、燕山地区东西向分布的小型盆地为特征。中、晚侏罗世分割式前陆盆地主要分布于二连地区、松辽盆地东南部及燕山地区,盆地展布主体为近东西或北东向。晚侏罗世末期至白垩纪盆地以二连-海拉尔盆地、松辽盆地和三江盆地为代表,其盆地演化明显区分出两次裂陷构造幕和一次反转挤压构造幕。新生代裂谷盆地主要沿依兰-伊通和敦化-密山断裂呈线状分布。 3.东北地区中、新生代构造及盆地演化受控于周边板块相互作用和深部构造作用。早侏罗世,中国东部地区板块碰撞作用的相对平静期,在东北地区开始发生局部造山后伸展塌陷。中、晚侏罗世,中国东部开始受到来自东南地区的古太平洋板块俯冲作用和由北部鄂霍茨克海俯冲碰撞联合作用,东北地区受逆冲控制形成分割式前陆盆地。晚侏罗世至白垩纪,加厚的岩石圈伸展、塌陷、深部底侵、拆沉和古太平洋边缘走滑式俯冲,这可能是形成东北地区复杂的西部、中部和东部盆地带的主要动力。新生代,东北地区作为太平洋板块俯冲带的弧后地区,形成了典型的弧后裂谷盆地。更多还原

【Abstract】 Northeastem(NE) China, located between Siberian plate and North China plate, contains many Meso-Cenozoic basins. It is one of significant petroleum industrial bases and has broad exploration prospects. Based on plate tectonic theory, this paper mainly discusses regional tectonic characters and Meso-Cenozoic basin evolution and its geodynamic background in NE China, by combining basin and its tectonic evolution with orogeny, and by using methods of field geology survey and indoor synthetic analysis. Fieldwork includes the studies of regional tectonic characters and typical cross sections;and regional tectonic characters, seismic section and structural history profiles are analyzed synthetically in door based on seismic and well-logging data. In addition, synthetic analyses of litho-geochemical characteristics, stratigraphy sequence and sedimentary facies are adopted in this paper. The main results are summarized as follows:1. Tecto-orogenic processes of Pre-Mesozoic can be mainly characterized by amalgamation among different plates and finally collides with Siberian plate and North China plate. Multistage and different directions amalgamation orogenesis forms orogenic belts with different structural directions.2. Basin evolution in NE China goes through four stages: early Jurassic rift basin, middle-late Jurassic partitioned foreland basin, late late Jurassic-Cretaceous rift basin and Cenozoic rift basin. Early Jurassic rift basin is typified by small scale basins with E-W distribution in Daqingshan in Inner Mongolia and Yanshan area. Middle-late Jurassic partitioned foreland basins are mainly distributed in Erlian area, southeast Songliao basin and Yanshan area, with a distribution direction of nearly EW or NE on the whole. Late late Jurassic-Cretaceous rift basins are typified by Erlian-Hailaer basin, Songliao basin and Sanjiang basin, which could be divided into west, central and east zone. Basin evolution can be clearly divided into two rift episodes and one inversion compression episode. Cenozoic rift basin is characterized by linear distribution along Yilan-Yitong fault and Dunhua-Mishan fault.3. Meso-Cenozoic basin evolution in NE China is controlled by interactions ofneigbouring plates and deep structural process. Plate collision was quiet in early Jurassic in Eastern China and post-orogenic extension collapse has begun to occur in some place in NE China. During middle-late Jurassic. East China went through paleo-pacific plate subduction in SE Asia and subduction and collision of Okhotsk ocean;and partitioned foreland basin controlled by thrusting were formed in NE China. In late Jurassic-Cretaceous, the main drives for complicated zoned-basins include extension and collapse of thickened lithosphere, deep underplating, delamination and the strike-slip subduction of Paleo-Pacific margin. In Cenozoic typical back-arc rift basins are formed in NE China where is the back-arc area of pacific plate subduction zone.更多还原