【作者】 赵增迎；

【导师】 侯读杰； 杨贤友；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 能源地质工程， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 非均质储层在我国占有很大比例。用常规酸化技术改造这类储层,酸液会沿着非均质储层的大通道或高渗部分发生指进,很难有效地改造非均质储层的低渗部分,而影响整个酸化作业的效果。对这类储层,需要采用转向酸化技术才能达到均匀改造的目的。较早时候发展起来的聚合物交联、泡沫、岩盐等转向酸化体系,存在损害储层、转向效果不佳、工艺复杂等局限性,难以达到预期的改造目标。近年发展起来的粘弹性表面活性剂(VES)转向酸,具有pH控制自转向功能、转向效果好、对储层无损伤、无需交联剂和破胶剂、缓速与滤失控制好等突出优点,是国内外近年转向酸化技术研究的热点与重点。该项转向酸化技术,在国外应用于储层改造已经取得明显的效果,在国内也开展了一定的室内研究工作和初步的现场试验。但是,该体系的流变性能及其影响因素的系统研究和酸-岩反应动力学研究还没有见到文献报道,从而制约了VES转向酸体系性能的更好发挥和新型VES体系的开发以及施工的优化设计。本论文首次系统地研究了VES转向酸体系的pH值、VES加量、酸液中的离子类型、温度、压力、剪切速率等因素对VES转向酸体系流变性能的影响,确定了不同因素的影响程度和主控影响因素,为现场更好地应用VES转向酸体系和新型VES转向酸体系的开发奠定了基础。酸液粘度变化过程的酸-岩反应动力学研究是一个世界性难题。首次研究了在VES转向酸体系流变性能变化的条件下,与灰岩碳酸盐储层岩石的反应动力学。研究确定了不同流变性能阶段及不同温度条件下,酸岩反应的速率常数、反应级数、反应速率控制阶段、酸-岩反应动力学方程,以及VES转向酸与普通酸的酸-岩反应速率对比等极为重要的酸化压裂施工方案优化设计所需参数,为VES转向酸的优化施工设计提供了重要的参考依据。通过物理模拟实验,证明了VES转向酸的明显转向效果。用室内的研究结果指导VES转向酸现场设计与施工三井次,增产效果非常显著。其中,一口井施工前日产油20.7 m3,施工后提高到日产油60m3;另一口井,VES转向酸酸压施工前无产量,施工后日产油74 m3,日产气15×104m3。更多还原

【Abstract】 There are a large amount of heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in China. Whencarbonate hydrocarbon bearing formations are acidized by hydrochloric acid, a fewdominating channels in the carbonate matrix are created and the majority of thetreatment acid will flow along these channels, leaving the rest of the rock untreated.Therefore, a diverting agent is often needed. Polymer gels, foams or rock salts arecommonly used as diverting agents during matrix acidizing of carbonates. Thesematerials can not allow the acid to reach its full stimulation potential and may causedamage due to residue precipitation, saturation alteration, or solid invasion. TheSelf-Diverting-Acid (SDA) using a Visco-Elastic Surfactant (VES) is a new divertingagent for carbonate reservoirs, which is no damage to the formation, no need for across-linker and a breaker and can reduce the acid-rock reacting rate at the same time.Although it has been used in some oil fields, the study on its rheological properties isbehind its application. In this doctoral dissertation, rheological properties of the agentare studied systematacially, which include the relationships of the agent viscosity withthe VES content, pH, temperature, ion type, etc. In the thesis, the acid-rock reactionkinetics in the condition of a changing viscosity is investigated for the first time andthe important parameters such as the reaction rate constant, reaction order andreaction rate control stages are given out. Furthermore, the reaction rates of differentacids and at different temperature were comparatively studied. Efficiency has beentested by both the methods of multi-core flow test and applications in three wellslocated in the west of China.更多还原