【作者】 寇香玉；

【导师】 李承森； 王宇飞； 杜乃秋；

【作者基本信息】 中国科学院研究生院（植物研究所） ， 植物学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 定量重建地球生态系统的气候参数是当前国际古气候研究的目标之一.自20世纪70年代以来,尤其是在海洋学研究领域,新技术的不断应用使得定量的古气候研究蓬勃发展.相比之下陆地古气候参数的重建要困难得多,陆地植物作为对环境的良好记录,一直备受重视.近数十年来,国际上广泛开展了利用植物材料定量研究气候的探索,大量新的方法层出不穷.德国科学家Mosbrugger和Utescher在1997年倡导的共存分析法(TheCoexistence Approach)就是其中之一,它依据现存最近亲缘类群原理以及植物分布与气候的关系原理,找到化石植物群中各类群的现存最近亲缘类群对各气候参数的耐受范围; 并将各亲缘类群对同一气候参数的耐受范围叠加一起,获得对该气候参数的共存区间,用该区间作为对古气候参数的精确估测.本文首先阐述在原文位于展开讨论的共存分析的理论基础——探讨植物分布与气候之间关系的耐受性理论.并以此为指导,对在该方法中气候台站的选用方法作了改进,气象台站的选择应以植物的标本记录点为基础:即使在某一特定的植物分布区内部也应该查看气象台站所在县级行政区域是否有该植物的标本采集信息,并以此为依据来决定是否选用该气象台站的记录; 选用的气象台站的数量多寡应该以植物分布点的多少来决定.以此为基础,我们采用中国的植物分布与气象记录数据,利用孢粉学的研究结果,定量重建了我国新生代三个地点的古气候参数,结果如下:1内蒙古呼伦湖地区全新世初期气候MAT: 4.4~10.2℃; MWMT: 22.9~24.1℃; MCMT: -18~-9.1℃; DT: 33.5~40.9℃; MAP: 354.3~686.7mm; MMaP: 103.8~191.9mm; MMiP: 2.7~7.3mm.我们以扎赉诺尔地区的孢粉学研究为基础,依据孢粉和盘星藻(PediastrumMeyen)提供的环境信息并结合前人工作,恢复了全新世初升温期的植被变化; 定量重建了10.4~10.2kaB.P.时的气候,为全面理解呼伦湖地区的气候变化以及东亚的夏季风变化提供新的依据.更多还原

【Abstract】 Obtaining quantitative estimates of climatic parameters represents a fundamental goal in paleoclimate studies. Investigations of marine sediment, especially after oxygen isotope studies provided quantitative paleoclimate data, have played an important role in the studies of temperature changes of sea surface and bottom water. In contrast, it is much more difficult to reconstruct parameters quantitatively for terrestrial paleoclimate. Since plant is believed to be an important environmental record-keeper, many quantitative methods of reconstructing paleooclimate in terrestrial system have appeared based on plant fossils. Among the approaches is the Coexistence Approach (CoA) by Mosbrugger & Utescher (1997). It follows the ??nearest living relative philosophy?ˉ, with the assumption that the climatic tolerance of a fossil taxon is same/similar to those of its systematically closest living relative. A coexistence interval of all nearest relatives?ˉ climatic tolerance ranges is obtained based on their individual climatic data, and used to estimate the paleoclimate of the region where the fossil flora lived. In this paper, we discussed the method of the Coexistence Approach and the basic theory of tolerance which was rarely mentioned in the paper of Mosbrugger & Utesche (1997). Within the distribution area of each nearest living relative, the chosen of meteorological stations for obtaining the extreme (maximum and minimum) values of climate parameters should according to detail records of specimen collections. And then, using the modern plant specimen records and the metrological records in China, we quantitatively reconstructed the paleoclimate of three localities based on its palynological data. The results are as follows: 1 Quantitative reconstruction of early Holocene climate in Lake Hulun of Inner Mongolia, China The parameter intervals are: MAT: 4.4~10.2℃ ; MWMT: 22.9~24.1 ℃; MCMT: -18~-9.1 ℃; DT: 33.5~40.9 ℃ ; MAP: 354.3~686.7mm; MMaP: 103.8~191.9mm; MMiP: 2.7~7.3mm. According to information provided by pollen, spore and Pediastrum, the vegetation and climate changes during 10.9~10.2ka B.P. was revealed. And the climate was reconstructed quantatitively during 10.4~10.2 ka B.P.. It provided new evidence for general understanding of the climate changes in the Lake Hunlun area and the changes of the summer monsoon in East Asia. 2 Quantitative reconstruction of Late Pliocene climate in the Eryuan of Yunnan, China The parameters intervals are: MAT: 13.3~18.6 ℃ ; MWMT: 24.6~27.5 ℃; MCMT: 1.9~12.1 ℃; DT: 14.2~16.6 ℃; MAP: 619.9~1484.3mm; MMaP: 143.8~245.6mm; MMiP: 12.7~16.4mm. The results was compared with the two recent studies, Yangyi and Longling, both in Pliocene and modern climate. Among the three locations, the MAT changes accorded with the latitude trend, and the MAPs are almost same value in Pliocene. But now, Eryuan and Yangyi have changed very little. The MAT of Longling decrease and the MAP doubled, it may provide new evidence for the uplifting of the Longling area since then. 3 Quantitative reconstructions of Eocene and Miocene climate in Hunchun of Jilin, China The Eocene parameters intervals are: MAT: 14.3~14.9 ℃ ; MWMT: 25~26.3 ℃; MCMT: 1.9~3.7 ℃; DT: 21.7~23 ℃; MAP: 797.5~1344mm; MMaP: 185.3~209.8mm; MMiP: 14.2~16.4mm. The Miocene parameters intervals are: MAT: 14.3~14.9 ℃ ; MWMT: 24.3~25.4 ℃; MCMT: 2.1~3.7 ℃; DT: 21.7~22.7℃; MAP: 658.7~817.7mm; MMaP: 158.9~174.6mm; MMiP: 7.4~7.6mm. The Eocene climate in Hunchun area belonged to the north subtropical climate, the Miocene climate changed to south warm temperate climate which was regarded as north subtropical climate, It showed that the climate change between Eocene and Miocene in NE China had the same trend of Cenozoic global cooling.更多还原