【作者】 黎剑华；

【导师】 陈寿如；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 采矿工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代以来,我国高等级公路、高速铁路等基础设施的建设取得了举世瞩目的成就,有效地促进了国民经济和社会的发展。特别是近三年来,我国的高速公路、高速铁路等基础设施建设更呈现出无限生机。 在高速公路、高速铁路路基工程施工中,必然会遇到大量石方爆破施工难题。国内外许多学者曾对条形药包硐室爆破进行了大量的研究工作,但由于测试手段和数学模型研究等方面的局限性,致使条形药包实验和理论研究均未取得实质性的突破,从而限制了条形药包硐室爆破技术的应用和推广。 论文结合路基工程爆破实践,以“条形药包硐室控制爆破仿真研究及其在高等级路基工程中的应用”为题,运用全息动光弹和全息干涉法等激光技术对条形药包硐室控制爆破模型进行实验研究,同时采用DYNA-2D、DYNA-3D软件进行爆破模型仿真分析,取得了如下成果: (1) 在前人研究的基础上,建立了路基工程条形药包硐室控制爆破“长抗比η”与装药量Q之间的计算公式Q=e·K·f(n)·W~3·η,表明当e,K,n,W等基本参数确定时,Q与η成线性关系。 (2) 建立了三维动态散光光弹性爆破实验系统,首次对条形药包一端起爆、两端同时起爆、中点起爆的爆破模型进行研究,得到3组模型4个时刻的动态应力场条纹图,并得出:从全应力场的强度、均匀性综合考虑,两端同时起爆药包的爆破效果最好,中点起爆效果次之,一端起爆效果最差。 (3) 对等比例的路基工程爆破模型进行了激光全息干涉法实验,得到了1组模型3个时刻的动态位移场条纹图,位移场分析结果表明:任意时刻,条形药包中垂线上的极值位移都是全场最大位移值,该值比其它剖面的对应值大3倍以上,且其平均离面位移也最大。 (4) 在低爆速(v:800 m/s),中爆速(v=3600 m/s),高爆速(v=6100 m/s)情况下,运用DYNA-2D程序对条形药包分别在一端、两端和中间起爆的爆炸场特征进行仿真研究,得到了相应的应力场及更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1980s, conspicuous achievements have been gained in the construction of the infrastructure, such as highways and high-speed railways, thus they effectively promoted the development of the economy and society in our country. Especially in the recent three years, such infrastructure has exhibited its infinite vitalityUndoubtedly, numerous problems concerning the rock blasting of the subgrade will arise in the process of the construct of the highways and high-speed railways. A lot of researches have been done on the coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge by the scholars from home and abroad. However, no substantial breakthrough has been gained in the studies of the experiment and theory of the coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge due to the defects of experimental methods and mathematical models. Therefore, the application and spread of the coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge have been limited.Based on the practice of the blasting of the subgrade in the highways and high-speed railways, this paper is entitled as "A simulation study on the controlled coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge and its application in the subgrade of the highway and high-speed railway". It has devoted itself to the controlled coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge by adopting the laser technology including dynamic holophotoelasticity and holographic interference method, meanwhile, the ANSYS-DYNA software is applied for the analysis of the computer numerical simulation. The main outcomes are as follows:1) On the basis of the existing studies, the formula Q = e·K·f(n)·W~3·η for the controlled coyote blasting with the column and strip-shaped charge in subgrade has been established, indicating that Q is linear with η on the condition that the basic parameters like e,K, n, W are fixed.2) An experimental system of blast model of three-dimensional dynamic astigmatic photo-elasticity has been established by using the ruby pulse laser apparatus. By detonated the column and the strip-shaped charge at one end, two ends and mid-point, four dynamic stress fringe patterns of the three group models at four separate moments have been got. Comprehensively considering of intensity and homogeneity of the total stress field, the blasting effect when the column and strip-shapedcharge was detonated simultaneously at two ends is the best of all; at mid-point takes the second place, then at one end.3) A laser experiment adopting holographic interference method has been made on the equal proportion model of the blasting of subgrde, and three sets of dynamic displacement fringe patterns in a group model have been drawn, the conclusion from the analysis of the displacement field shows that the extremum displacement on the perpendicular bisector of the column and strip-shaped charge, and the maximum value of the displacement field, are three times more than the values on other section, as well as the average isosurface displacement.4) By applying ANSYS-DYNA2D program, a numerical simulation study had been made on the condition that the column and strip-shaped charge is detonated at one end, two ends and mid-point respectively with three different exploding speeds, i.e. low speed ( v = 800 m/s ) , mid-speed (v = 3600 m/s) and high-speed (v = 6100 m/s ) . The rule for the stress field as well as the displacement field of the column and strip-shaped charge at different speed and in different detonating points has been gained accordingly, meanwhile, the effect of blasting detonated simultaneously at two ends with mid-speed is the best.By using ANSYS-DYNA3D program, a three-dimensional numerical simulation research has been done for the equal proportion model of the road-cutting slope of highway with the controlled blasting for the column and strip-shaped charge. The rule for stress field as well as the displacement field of the column and strip-shaped charge detonated at two ends under various ratio of length to burden has been obtained. Meanwhile, the ratio of length to burden as 0.9-1.25 is the best.Considering much of the effect of blasting vibration of the column and strip-shaped charge on superior isosurface displacement, using the mid-speed explosive and adopting the way to detonate simultaneously at two ends, the outcomes of the research have been applied in the blasting of the subgrade of one highway The blasting negative effects such as shake and slungshot have been effectively controlled, and the blocks are well-proportioned. A breakthrough has been made for the limitation of massive explosion applied in the subgrade construct criterion. The project was accomplished half a year ahead of the schedule, with the profit up to 5 million Yuan (RMB). During the three years after the road was open to traffic, no damage of the subgrade and slope has been find yet, and proved the feasibility of the theoretical analysis, model experiment and numerical simulation in the research更多还原