【作者】 金炳镇；

【导师】 李宗勋；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 世界史， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文以迄今为止的贸易关系史研究成果为基础,着重考察十四世纪至十七世纪中叶朝、中、日三国贸易关系的来龙去脉及其基本特征。 本文由绪论、正文和结论三个部分构成。 绪论部分在进行课题说明的基础上,主要阐述了研究目的和意义、研究动态、研究内容和方法等问题。 正文第一章是东亚三国对外关系的形成与朝鲜的贸易政策部分,主要论述了东亚三国之间对外关系的形成与贸易,朝鲜前期贸易政策的本质与一般特征、朝鲜制定贸易法规的背景等。当时,中国周边国家臣服中国是弱国、小国与强国、大国之间维持平衡的基本手段,是弱小国家保持国家安全的重要一环。而且对朝鲜和日本来说,是统治者维持和巩固其统治地位的一种保障。 第二章是朝鲜对明、对日贸易的性质部分,主要论述了朝鲜对明贸易的事(?)朝贡性,朝鲜对日贸易的交邻性,特别是详细论述了倭寇的活动及其东亚三国贸易产生的重要影响。 第三章是朝鲜对明、对日贸易的形态部分,主要论述了朝鲜对明,对日贸易的形态与方法,种类以及贸易场所、通商渠道等。当时,朝鲜与明王朝之间的贸易基本上属于朝贡形式的官方贸易,私人贸易的成交量非常有限。朝鲜与日本之间的贸易以“进上-回赐”、官方贸易、私人贸易三个形态为主,此外还有不法商人进行的走私贸易。 第四章是朝鲜对明、对日贸易商品结构部分,主要论述了朝鲜对明进出口商品结构,朝鲜对日进出口商品结构等。其中,金银、牛马等都是朝鲜不得不以朝贡形式出口中国的紧缺货,备齐这些进贡品始终是朝鲜政府的沉重的负担。另外,从贸易的数量和价值来看,中国使节从朝鲜带走的比朝鲜使节从中国领回来的多得多。对当时只好以朝贡的方式尽藩属之礼仪和义务的朝鲜来说,这种不平等、不等价的贸易关系是不可避免的事情。 第九章是东亚局势的变化与通商圈的扩大部分,主要论述了对明、对日贸易给朝鲜带来的影响,逐步盛行的中介贸易,十六—十七世纪东亚局势的变化与东亚通商圈的扩大等。在以中国为中心的亚洲贸易体制下,苏木、胡椒等南亚物产更多还原

【Abstract】 The main theme of this dissertation is about characteristics of trade relations of Chosun with Ming China and Japan during the period of 14^th -17^th centuries. These characteristics can be summarized for four Chinese letters, shi dajiao lin that is literally translated to "respect strong nations and maintain good relationship with neighbors." In other words, the motive of building good political relations with other nations was the main characteristic of trade of Chosun during the period. In addition to suggesting this theme, this research also provides comprehensive information on trade relations of Chosun with Ming China and Japan such as lists of products traded, changes in trade patterns during the period, and respective characteristics of trade between these trading partners.This research consists of five chapters. The chapter one, first, explains the concept of shi da jiao lin. shi da jiao lin literally means "respect the strong, and maintain good relations with neighbors." This chapter shows how this concept is applied in Chosun’s relations with Ming China. Ming China in Asia during the period was the superpower in the region; building good relationships with China based on shi da spirit, that is, showing respect, was the main motive for Chosun to have trade relations with Ming China. By providing China with periodic offerings of various products in the form of trade, Chosun could attain military protection of China for herself in the case of national emergency. The Chosun government also attained legitimacy from her people for its governing activities by having endorsement from China, which most Chosun people culturally admired at then.Chapter two applies the "shi da jiao lin" concept to the case of Chosun’s trade relations with Japan. Japan is the case of jiao lin, "maintaining good relations with neighbors." Due to barrenness of her land, Japan suffered from chronic shortage ofagricultural products, which created various economic problems in the time of agriculture-leading economy. As a result, Japan often became a troublesome neighbor to Chosun by some of her people landing on seaside villages of Chosun and plundering them. The Chosun government needed to keep a good relationship with the Japanese government by sending periodic gifts so that she could have a motive to control her people.Chapter three presents details of Chosun’s trade with Ming China and Japan such as trade routes, lists of products traded at different times, trading places, and types of trades. Whereas the government-leading trade for political purpose mentioned above was the main one, we can see there were other types of trades existed. There were various types of private-level trades; their main interest was making profits. These trades were explained in this chapter.Chapter four focuses on studying types of products traded and trade balance of Chosun in the government-leading trades with the two nations. Whereas Chosun’s trade with Japan was relatively balanced, the trade with Ming China was unbalanced; Chosun often provided more offerings to China than she received from China. This unbalance was inevitable due to the main motive of the trade, which was a political one rather than economic one.During 16th-17th Centuries, we can see an emergency of different motives in trade relations compared to that of 14lh -15th centuries, which was mainly a political one based on shi dajiao lin. This is the topic of Chapter 5. lEconomic interests gradually emerged in Chosun’s trade relations with the two nations. Being located in a peninsular between the two nations, many individual merchants in Chosun realized they could make profits by reselling what they bought from one nation to the other. By the end of 17th century, this private-leading trade gradually started to lead trade relations of Chosun more than the previous government-leading trade did.Concluding, we can sec that the government was the main player in Chosun’s trade relations during 14" 17" centuries and her main motive for trades was maintaining good political relations, which arc summarized in the concept of shi da jiuo ////. However, the private-leading trades based on personal interests started to emerge as a major driving force for trades during 17th century. Intermediary trades helped by geological location of Chosun helped the emergence of private-leading trades.This study contributes to the past studies on international relations of Chosun by studying trade and economic parts of Chosun’s relations with other countries, li defines main characteristics of her trades during the period of 14(n-17lh centuries and provides ample information on details of trades such as lists and amounts of products. trade routes, trading market places, and so on.更多还原