现代都市语境下的中国“杂志文”

【作者】 马永利；

【导师】 姜振昌；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 在中国近现代文学史和文化史上,文艺杂志具有十分重要的意义。然而,在多年的文学研究中,小说往往是研究者的关注焦点,而对于其中的杂志文却多有忽略。近现代文学史上大众文艺期刊数量庞大,当代社会其发展更趋迅速和多元,在这样的背景下,本文以30 年代林语堂同人提出的杂志文概念为核心,旨在对中国杂志文作初步研究工作。本文试图梳理杂志文在中国大众文艺杂志中的发展脉络,发现其不同时期的不同表现形态和特点,以此肯定杂志文在杂志中不同于小说的阅读价值,从而得以在一定程度上关照当代杂志文的发展和现状。本文分为四章,另有序论和结语,共六部分组成。绪论部分,以林语堂同人提倡的杂志文概念为核心,对杂志文进行概念厘定,并对论文相关背景和概念作简要说明,从而限定本文研究范围。第一章,近代都市上海的发展和杂志文的初期形态。首先,以租界为核心的上海,开埠以后因其有利的地理优势迅速膨胀成为一个与伦敦巴黎相媲美的国际化现代都市,其工商业的发展及市民阶层的崛起,为大众传媒的发展提供了坚实基础。其中的重要组成部分——大众文艺杂志开始进入大众传播领域,并随着读者需求的扩大在商品市场上迅速繁荣。其次,初期大众文艺杂志中小说占绝对优势,这主要决定于两方面的综合原因:其一,编者的编辑理念和小说观念;其二,读者在近代都市中的生活方式和知识结构。然而,在这单一的表层下面,仍有一些初期杂志文存在。初期杂志文主要表现出以下特点:一、短小的散文体笑话、谐趣和记述奇闻轶事的短文以趣味为核心,表现出明显的娱乐倾向和休闲功能。二、在杂志栏目日趋丰富的趋势中,后期杂志中较多地出现笔记、杂记、随笔等有现代特征的杂志文。它们是初期杂志文的主要形态,以社会现象、奇闻逸事为主要记述对象,其内容庞杂,下笔具有相对的随意性,与现代杂志文具有一定同质特征。日常生活内容在初期杂志文中基本处于缺席状态。三、初期杂志文与小说的分界并不清晰,表现出明显的非独立性和混杂性;语言以晓畅的文言为主。《民权素》中刊载的笔记较为明显地反映了杂志文的初期形态特征。第二章,本章主要论述20、30 年代以上海为代表的中国现代化都市发展中,杂志文的现代转型和现代杂志文的最终形成。20 世纪20 年代至30 年代初,中国更多还原

【Abstract】 Magazine has played an important role through the history of neoteric and modern literature. Yet, in the years of literature research, it was novel that often attracted researchers’attention, so prosaic magazine was nearly neglected. This dissertation, which focuses on the magazine article concept proposed by Yu-tang Lin in 1930s, manages to comb the developing vein of prosaic magazine through the history of magazine in China, looks for the deferent representation modality and characteristics within deferent times in the evolution of magazine articles. Demonstrate leisure function of magazine articles and keeps an eye on the modality of modern magazine articles. The article is composed of six parts: introduction, four chapters and epilogue. In the introduction, this dissertation, which takes the magazine article concept raised by Yu-tang Lin as a core, gives out a conceptual clarification on magazine article, and briefly summarizes initial situation of Chinese magazine, thus study scope of this dissertation is defined. Chapter one, the development of neoteric shanghai city and early modality of magazine articles. Shanghai , regard the cession as the core, fleetly expanded to a international and modern city for the geography advantage after it was invaded. the development of its industry and commerce and growing up of citizen class lay a tough foundation for the mass literature. With the corporate action of readers and editors, novel played a dominating role in the early mass literary magazine. Otherwise, there hided the most common and easiest magazine articles’modality: jokes and interesting writings. Their expression style was entirely deferent from novel. And magazine in itself changed bit by bit simultaneously. Before 1914 or later, there were a lot of prosaic articles whose principle part was notes and miscellanies, on behalf of 《Civil Rights》and 《Novel Concourse》. They were the main modality of early magazine articles. Whose characteristics are: First: Short prosaic joke, humor and anecdotes focusing on interest, expressed recreational trend and leisure motive. Second: in the trend of ample columns, more and more prosaic articles such as notes and miscellanies and essays come forth in later magazine. They recorded and narrated society phenomena, anecdotes, with random writing style and numerous and jumbled content. And share certain homogeneity with modern magazine articles. Third: early magazine articles didn’t distinct from novel. It has obvious independence and jumble. the notes from the insertions of《Civil Rights》reflect modality characteristics of early magazine articles obviously. Chapter two, this chapter mainly expounds transformation of magazine and the ultimate form of modern magazine article in the developing process of Chinese modernization cities in 1920s and 1930s, which took shanghai as representative From 1920s to early 1930s, further development of industry and commerce flourished cities in China. Modernization progress in education 、traffic 、communication、recreation、work and consumption, especially represented by shanghai city, cause coexistence of new and old life styles which were on the way to modern urban living. so did citizens’knowledge structure. Then content、columns、writing styles etc published on mass literary magazines also varied with them, proportion of magazine articles in journal expanded evidently, till it became the principle part of magazine. Yet modality of magazine article experienced an elementary development within this process. from early Republic of China till 1920s, Clique of mandarin duck & butterfly adjusted magazine spontaneously. their periodicals still had more advantages than new literature under atmosphere of mass media. it also influenced the mass widely. represented by 《Red Rose》《,Red Journal》and《Violet》,magazine article, with more and more proportion in journals of its clique ,still had the latter-day impression and was incline to transit into modern magazine articles. but embodied Clique of mandarin duck & butterfly tried to adopt to the wishes of readers. also their pursuit of modernization and absorption and close of new literature. From latter 1920s on, the emergence of mass literature magazine dominated by magazine articles predicted the magazine began to regress its true qualities of “miscellaneous”, ”recordation”.from latter 1920s to early 1930s, with full development, represented by articles published in《Beneficial Friends》, magazine article grew into the main part of magazine. which implied the ultimate of modern magazine article. it convey readers read value deferent from novel and traditionaljournals because of its richness, aesthetic character, intellectuality and quality of interest. Chapter three, taking Yu-tang Lin as representative, under modernization metropolis linguistic environment in Shanghai,《the World 》and《Universe Wind》took the core, promoted with great effort to the western magazine article and facilitates maturity and prosperous of the Chinese modern magazine article. From the end of 1920s to 1930s, Due to double pressure of foreign capital and China itself, Chinese industry and commerce made rapid development, the urbanization process was also accelerated. Cities that have finished the modernization drive of the city basically in the modern city of China represented by Shanghai, had a more complete modern form from living facility to amusement scope. Modern urban life style in the city grew ripe, citizens’artistic diathesis improves, their knowledge structures more generally tended towards the modernization and multiplicity. especially in Shanghai where the mass media system was comparatively ripe, the magazine demonstrates ripe modern characteristic too in such aspects of whole style and content. Therefore magazine document become subject of masses literature and art magazine, it made comparatively sufficient development. In the tide of magazine establishment at middle 1930s in Shanghai, Yu-tang Lin, and his《universe wind》in order to draw lessons from the western magazine, called for the Chinese magazine articles created in a more cost-effective manner, impelled its development ripe and move towards the prosperity. These two kinds of magazines have represented magazine supreme achievement of this period generally each with particular emphasis. In conformity with Yu-tang Lin and people’s magazine idea, " magazine articles from magazine of《Universe Wind》and《the World》were abundant, free and cordial, have reflected popularization, popularized inclination, they also paid attention to the interest of the article, intellectual and living, have demonstrated on one hand his " helpful " one, have deep recreation intension, embody the publicizing of the modern life and modern spirit too. In 1930s 《the World》and《Universe Wind》is favourably welcomed by readers, this has reflected amicability and agreement between knowledge readers of elite and citizen of new-vernacular literature after new literary publication enters theefforts that the new writer raises reader’s educational level and magazine level too Chapter four, simply introduces the condition of magazines article in 1940s. Because the war affects, it was 1940s that came forth the phenomenon, taking Shanghai as representative ,Chinese metropolis developed slowly even back up, the resident live also were affected to some degree. At the same time, development of modern literary arts periodical also correspondingly entered into downturn. Take《phenomena》and 《the World》as representative, although the modern magazine article in the quantity brought some reduction compared with the 1930s, its aspects of content and theme still expanded actually. 《phenomena》,with great influence, was regarded as representation of Clique of mandarin duck & butterfly in 1940s, though it published novel mainly, but magazine space left for magazine articles was also not little, and articles authors were beyond of professional writers. the periodical, with simple 、natural words, abundant 、heterogeneous content incarnated situation and achievement of concourse of “the new”and “the old”, the editor of《Heaven and Earth》, Qing Su ,greatly relevant to《the World》and《Universe Wind》,his concept of release and magazine article was influenced by Yu-tang Lin, so《Universe Wind》,which was the rage then, hide the shadow of《the world》and《Universe Wind 》. However ,it had its own style, writers either celebrities or not, always “bring out his saying in an ordinary status”, so the magazine put up distinct mundane spirit and included content close to life and writing style at will, tender but not coarse. such was the best progress of magazine articles in 1940s. The epilogue gives a simple retrospection and summary, magazine article penetrated with deferent modalities and deferent characters through the developing process of china mass literature magazine. from then on, magazine article has put up character of popularity, understandability and close to life, All of which embodied a modernization trend, another important facet that characterized magazine article was authors were developed to more social personages by the writer and scholar of the absolute majority too, demonstrate the important characteristic of the modern literature and magazine.Yu-tang Lin ’s magazine idea have very great influence on the development of Chinese magazine (magazine article) after the thirties, even in the 1980s and 1990s, from a series of magazines in great demand, such as 《Women Friend》and 《Reader’s Digest》etc, we can still see the impression of ideas of Yu-tang Lin on magazine article.更多还原