边缘的自由

【作者】 刘香；

【导师】 魏建；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2005， 博士

【副题名】1930-1937：国立青岛/山东大学“教授作家”研究

【摘要】 “20 世纪中国文学与大学文化”的研究课题提出后,研究界产生了一系列有影响的研究成果,但国立青岛/山东大学与中国现代文学的关系一直是研究的空白。考察现代大学与中国现代文学的关系,通常通过考察教授群体和学生群体与中国现代文学的关系而实现。而30 年代的国立青岛/山东大学校园文学成就大部分是由“教授作家”创造的。本论文通过对1930 至1937 年间国立青岛/山东大学“教授作家”的细化研究,力求阐明“教授作家”、“1930-1937:国立青岛/山东大学”以及与当时文坛之间的关系;揭示出这一“教授作家”现象产生的原因、背景、特征和存在的意义;发掘这些“教授作家”在国立青岛/山东大学时期的文学成就、文学努力的价值,以及这一时期的生活、创作对他们文学选择和人生选择的影响。本论文在写作过程中,力求回到历史现场中去,对原始史料进行挖掘与整理,还其历史本来面貌。并尽可能地在占有大量第一手资料的基础上,追求历史叙述的理论深度,对研究对象做出理性化总结。第一章国立青岛/山东大学:一个自由的文学港湾。国立青岛/山东大学的“教授作家”,不是一个文学创作的群体、社团或流派,没有统一的创作宗旨以及文学主张,也没有前后延续的、固定的发表成果的刊物;他们是先后来到这所大学,彼此之间是各自独立的个体存在;他们在这段时期的文学行动对其一生意义重大。本章重点分析了形成“教授作家”现象的原因及过程:边缘的青岛使国立青岛/山东大学远离政治、文化中心,这种边缘的地理位置和适宜的气候条件是吸引“教授作家”的环境因素;两任“作家校长”开明自由的治学理念等,吸引了思想处于边缘状态的“教授作家”的加盟;学校自由理性的文学观念与文学氛围为自由文学的滋生准备了适宜的土壤,这也是吸引“新月派”等自由人士到来的关键原因。他们在此可以不受某些流行文学元素的影响而自由创作。他们追求文学自由的精神与这所大学的文化精神相契合并互为依托,共同为30 年代中国纯文学的发展做出了重要贡献;“新月”式的自由与学校自由人文精神的契合进一步巩固了自由的文学精神。第二章闻一多:由诗人向学者转向的完成。本章分析了《奇迹》一诗的产生更多还原

【Abstract】 After raising the research subject “Chinese literature and college culture in the 20th century”, the research world produced a series of effective research results. But the synthetically study about the relationship between Stated Qingdao/Shandong University and Chinese modern literature is still blank. To observe the relationship between modern university and modern literature of China, usually by observing the relationship between the professors colony、students colony and modern literature of China. But in the thirties the campus literary achievements of Stated Qingdao/Shandong University were mainly created by “the Professor and Writer”. Therefore the soluble problem of this thesis is striving for clarifying the complex relationship among “the Professor and Writer”, Stated Qingdao/Shandong University in 1930-1937 and the literary world then by way of the detailed research in the light of literary behavior and thinking spirits for this special literature “the Professor and Writer”. Digs up these “professor writers’s”literature achievement and the particular value of the strive for literature during the state-maintained Qingdao City / ShanDong University period, as well as the influence to their literature and life selection of the life of this particular period and creation. During the process of writing this essay, I require eagerly to come back the historical scene for excavating and arranging the original historical date in order to reveal the creation and effect of “the Professor and Writer”and give the original face of history. And pursuing the theory depth of the history narrative on the basis of owing a large amount of first hand materials as possible as I can, making a reasonable summary to the object of study. Chapter one Stated Qingdao/Shandong University: A free literary estuary. “The Professor and Writer”of state-maintained Qingdao City / ShanDong University was not a colony﹑college or school of literary creativity. There is no unified creative purpose and literary suggestion, even no in front and behind continual fixed publication to publish the achievements. They were sequences of in front and behind chargeable and independent individual existence between each other. Every “the Professor and Writer”had an individuality research area and creative favor. Their literatural actions during this period of time have great meanings to their lives. This chapter, I want to analyze the reason and process of form “the Professor and Writer”phenomenon specially: The edge geographic place far from politics﹑cultural center and proper climate are the environmental factors that attract “the Professor and Writer”. Two presidents “the Writer and Headmaster”enlightened ness, democracy free teaching method and literary theory are the humanistic factors that attract the coming of edge-minded “the Professor and Writer”. School’s free rational literature concept and atmosphere are the most suitable soil to breed free pure literature, and it is the pivotal matter to attract the free coming person of crescent faction. They can do free creation without the impact of some fashionable literature elements here. The soul of them to pursuit free literature exactly the same as school’s literature spirit, they have been done important contribution to the development of pure literature, one of the Chinese literary branches. The “crescent”freedom corporation with school’ free humanism soul have advanced to consolidate the school’ free literature spirit. Chapter two Wen Yiduo: The finish from poet to be a scholar. This chapter analyze the product reason、connotation and aesthetic meaning of poet-《marvel》. The viewpoint of this chapter is: Wen Yiduo had finished the progress from a poet to be a scholar in Stated Qingdao University. The symbol is working out a sort of study terms about Tang poet and publishing in succession part of study results. Next studying further the main reason of finish “turning”: Having many kinds of potential elements; cannot fitthe environment; displeasure about creative situation of new poet; having a deep love for motherland and its traditional culture and so on. The turning of Wen Yiduo stands for having no choice but to choose part of Chinese liberalism intellectual, who cannot accept the intense and patriotic manner, and come back to The classical document to seek “prescription”for saving country. Chapter three Shen Congwen: From recall to reality. Shen Congwen’s creation in Stated Qingdao/Shandong University came into first harvest in the thirties. Free Stated Qingdao/Shandong University provides chance and condition for his quiet thinking and creation. The home village’s literature in Shen’ period puts up the concern from innocent village’s memory to realistic problem. Or the reduce of village recall’ profession and the increase of responding to revolution and realistic profession. In other words the home village literary creation mixes more things except village’s humanity. For example, the attitude of looks on for revolution, even the writing for dispelling the lofty meaning of revolution and so on. The city ’criticize in this period changes more implication and philosophic, comparing to showing off the primitive life energy without reservation and ironing caustic the city humanity. The turning of city space in Shen Congwen’ creation plays an important part in promoting him to surpass himself. At this time, not only the rich creations he was achieved, but also the change of a good deal of consciously calm thinking about realistic, and his create mood was tending quiet. Chapter four Lao She: Walking out sophisticate. In 1934 Lao She came to Stated Shandong University from Qi Lu University. Lao She had been had the wish to walk out sophisticate when he was in Qi Lu University. The experience of novel《Cate City》is the best example. After finishing 《iron cattle and ill duck》《black and white Li》and so on, Lao She ’ attitude has changed, “don’t want to play but do it well”. So Lao She who was in the Stated Shandong University, wrote a lot of delegate works: 《yue yaer 》《Duan Hun Qiang》《Old Tragedy in Epoch》. By 1936 the novel that is thinkingserious how to improve national people’s luck named 《Luo Tuo Xiang Zi 》was achieved. It is a symbol that he really walked out sophistication and became a “serious writer”with tearful smile. So the two years, Lao She was in Stated Shandong University from 1934 to 1936, was the key period of his creative mood change. But there is a part in this time, it can be said interim. Or it seeks for comfortable and freedom in period of 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》in 1935. Therefore in this time, the change progress of Lao She’ mood was “walk out sophistication—leisure freedom—thinking seriously”. The serious thinking of changing national problems, the deeo critical about society and culture, and the anxious about westernizing phenomenon, especially in Qingdao, which means that Lao She became the delegate of “serious writer”after “walking out sophistication”. Chapter five Liang Shiqiu: Retreat in order to advance. Liang Shiqiu seek freedom , equality and normal reason, which were untimely with the radical doctrine and times atmosphere of utilitarianism , and suffer criticizing of person such as Lu xun etc. In August of 1930, Liang Shipiu who was very depressed leaving Shanghai which was the center of politics and culture to Stated Qingdao University, It looked like “avoiding”or “defeating”. In fact, it was collected and prepared for him to recognize the reality and himself, and rebuild the free discourse of literature. In Stated Qingdao/Shandong University, the largest achievement was: He carried out a set of academic actions such as teaching translation, which was prepared objectively with his ideological ideas and literary whereabouts. After four years ’rest and reorganization, Liang Shiqiu had a clear view of society situation. At the same time the insistence for literary freedom, which precipitated in his deep heart, made finally him returned the center of culture. Chapter six Hongshen: The effect f on campus’s left flank discourse. Relatively with autocratic civilization and the speech , left wing literature what one says and freedom literature what one says equally belong to rebel’s what one says . Being compared with liberalism literature , the left wing literature of Qingdao City / ShanDongUniversity is in continuously the weak power state . The weight of campus left wing what one says has been made heavier in the arrival of Hong Shen . He was one of the “professor writer”stand together with advance student that not many in State-maintained ShanDong University. Many efforts such as his literature and art thought and modern drama and film that he creates literature play as well as the guidance student drama performance of organized body etc, have given rise to the profound and lasting influence to the campus left wing what one says . Chapter seven 《Diao Dou 》and 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》.《Diao Dou 》was published which started by students, yet it published many essays of “the professor and writer”. Therefore the fixed point for its research is the influence of “the professor and writer”for its students and writers. For example, the publication inherits essentially , the thoughtful subject of “for human life”in “the May 4th”enlightenment period, this can not separated the influence from the professors. 《Bi Shu Lu Hua》was the literature and art supplement of 《the Qingdao City people newspaper 》, publish state-maintained ShanDong University “professor writer”and other civilization essence’s works , familiar essay that to be mostly at will leisurely and comfortable and comes loose discusses etc , but the periodical doing seeks “in order to avoid the fierce heats of the Kuomintang ”and “sends out the authority of literature and art person ”of《Bi Shu Lu Hua》, has caused the concern of the literary world.更多还原