【作者】 张贵杰；

【导师】 高后秀；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 材料学， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本文在前人研究的基础上,采用金相显微镜、透射及环境扫描电子显微镜、原子力显微镜和X 射线衍射仪等观测仪器,对纯金属、合金和非金属材料糜棱状石英岩、辉长岩等进行观察,验证了在常温常压下,这些材料中存在着一种未被人们认知的,具有类似流体特征的非线性振荡现象——“类流态”现象,是一种非极端条件下新的物质存在状态。其普遍存在于各类固体物质中,当外界条件达到类流态胞区出现的临界值时,固体中就会出现这种状态。类流态的宏观表现为材料表面观察到动态的运动并可测量到某些性能的变化,微观表现为用高倍数的仪器进行测量时可以发现点阵结构的变化和X 射线衍射谱线的细微波动。将小尺度和大尺度范围内的测量结果进行比较,发现类流态现象呈现出典型的分形特征,即局部上显示出无规律性,随机性,而在整体上呈现自相似性。应力作为可以提供能量的外场,可以诱发出类流态胞区。固体类流态的振荡过程是一种典型的非线性动力学过程。由于其运动的复杂性,在不了解运动产生的物理机理时,只能采用唯象的方法,对其表象进行研究。本文在实验观察的基础上,通过对的类流态胞区振荡运动录像资料的处理,对胞区振荡时间序列进行了系统的混沌动力学分析,重构了动力系统的相空间,计算了分形维数,Lyapunov 指数、K 熵,Hurst 指数,从多方面证明类流态在常温常压下是一种非常复杂的,具有正的最大Lyapunov 指数的混沌运动状态。发现并证实在CuZnAl 合金的类流态运动过程当中,由于胞区原子的活性和高能量,可以产生合金纳米管,即存在混沌到有序的过程。从固体类流态随时间振荡的时间序列数据出发,建立了NLAR 非线性模型,预测结果表明,该模型具有较高的短期预测精度,相对误差在10%以内。固体类流态的振荡时间序列是一种天然的,非方程迭代产生的时间序列,具有深刻的材料物理内涵。更多还原

【Abstract】 An unknown natural nonlinear oscillation phenomenon named ‘quasi-fluid state’is introduced in this paper. This phenomenon which is similar to liquid is validated under normal temperature and pressure on the surface of pure metal, alloy, mylonitic quartzite, gabbros et al. using metallographic microscope, TEM, SEM, AFM and X-ray diffractometer based on preceding researchers. The phenomenon reveals a new matter existence state in non-extreme arduous conditions, besides the well-known states, gas, liquid, solid and liquid crystal. The ubiquity is one of its most important characteristics. When the external condition reaches the critical value, the phenomenon will appear in solids. In macroscopic scale, the dynamical motion can be observed and some performance changes can be measured in quasi-fluid state cell. Under high power microscope, the lattice structure changes can be observed, the X-ray diffraction spectral lines exhibit fine fluctuation. Comparing the small-scale results with the great ones, the irregularity and randomicity appear in local, and the self-comparability is showed as a whole, i.e. ‘quasi-fluid state’presents a typical fractal character. The stress as an external field which can provide energy, can induce the oscillation of the ‘quasi-fluid state’cell. ‘Quasi-fluid state’is a typical nonlinear dynamical system. Since the complexity of the motion and the mechanism is still unknown, the research methods are mostly phenomenological theory. In this paper, according to the experimental data, the chaotic dynamics of the quasi-fluid cell oscillation time series in solid is analyzed. The dynamical system phase space is reconstructed; the system parameters are calculated, such as fractal dimensions, Lyapunov exponents, Kolmogorov entropy and Hurst exponent. The results proved that the quasi-fluid is a very complex chaotic state, having the positive largest Lyapunov exponent. Due to the quasi-fluid cell’s activity and high energy, the oscillation of CuZnAl alloy can bring up the nanotube. It is an obvious process from chaotic into order. The NLAR model of the time series is constructed. The model has upper predicted precision within 10 percent. The quasi-fluid cell oscillation time series in solid is a natural, non-iteration of equations time series. It has profound connotative meaning of materials physics.更多还原