基于集群的中小企业外部支持体系研究

【作者】 杨稣；

【导师】 贾明德；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 中小企业在国民经济中具有不可忽视的作用,在经济和社会发展中有着特殊的战略地位,高度重视和支持中小企业发展已经成为世界各国重要的经济政策。从实际出发,研究和实施更有针对性的中小企业发展政策,探讨中小企业的发展模式与对策,促进中小企业的健康发展,是我国经济管理的一项重要任务。研究我国中小企业的改革与发展、发展模式与途径,外部支持体系与对策措施,在理论上具有前沿性,实践上具有启迪意义。 文章综合运用历史分析、比较分析、规范与实证研究相结合、理论与实践相结合等研究方法,在企业集群视角下,借鉴发达国家经验,结合我国实际,较为系统地探讨了中小企业发展的若干理论和实际问题,旨在以企业集群理论为中小企业存在和发展的认知基础,构建我国中小企业发展的外部支持体系,以利于我国中小企业的长足发展。文章一方面以马克思主义为指导,实事求是地评价和借鉴中小企业发展的相关理论,另一方面注重研究中国特色下中小企业发展的实践,力争做到研究结论切合实际,具有较强的现实指导意义。 基于我国市场经济日臻完善和中小企业迅猛发展的背景,本文在对国内外关于中小企业理论研究归纳回顾的基础上,从集群化的中小企业生存发展模式出发,对我国中小企业外部支持体系进行了研究,得出了以下主要结论: (1)结合中国的实际,建议我国中小企业标准以员工人数为主,以销售收入、资产总额为辅,取消所有制限制,主要以产权清晰、自主经营、在市场上不占支配地位来确定。(2)我国的中小企业数量众多,但数量多并不代表发展得好。走集群化的发展道路是中小企业的必然选择,企业集群是我国中小企业发展、壮大的重要途径。(3)良好的环境、有效的支持体系会帮助企业茁壮成长。中小企业发展最重要的外部支持体系包括融资服务、法律政策、技术创新、人力资源、社会服务等五个子体系。(4)中小企业集聚成群后可以避免单个中小企业资产规模小、抗风险能力弱、贷款需求急、金额小、需求频繁、不确定性高的融资劣势,从而形成了独特融资优势,同时可以促进中小企业融资服务体系的建设。(5)中小企业的发展需要一个完善的法律环境来支持。在中小企业生存和发展的法律环更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important part of national economy, small-to medium-size(SM) enterprises have special strategic status in the development of economy and society. Great importance has been attached to the development of SM enterprises in every country, which has been adopted as a very important economic policy all over the world. Accordingly, it is a key task for government economy administration to study on and carry out more suitable policies, to probe into the mode and tactics of the development of SM enterprises, and to promote their further development. It is advanced in theory and edificatory in practice to research into the reform and development, the modes and ways of development, the external supporting system and tactics of SM enterprises.The paper uses studying methods of history analysis, contrast analysis, integration of standard and positive and combination of theory and fact, etc. From the view of enterprise cluster theory, on the basis of the experiences of developed countries combining with Chinese practices, the paper conducts a systematic research on SM enterprises’ development theoretically and practically. It aims to apply enterprise cluster theory to the practices of SM enterprises, establish external supporting system of the development of SM enterprises, and thus make contributions to the improvement of Chinese SM enterprises. On the one hand, under the guidance of Marxism, the paper refers to and evaluates some relative theories of SM enterprises matter-of-factly. On the other hand, it attaches importance to the study on practices of the development of SM enterprises with Chinese features. And special efforts are made to make the findings and conclusion accordant and instructional to fact.The paper educes conclusions as follows: (a) It is suggested that staff number be a major standard for the defining of SM enterprises, while sales income and capital supplementary ones. The restrictions of system of ownership will be canceled. And SM enterprises will be defined in terms of clear property right, self-management, and non-dominant position in market, (b) There are a large number of SM enterprises in China, but this does not necessarily mean SM enterprises are developing successfully. It is an inevitable choice for SM enterprises to be in the road of cluster development, which is an important way for the development SM enterprises. (c) Good environment and effective supporting system will be of great help for the development of enterprises. The most important external supporting systems include the sub-systems of financial services, rules of law, technology innovation, personnel resources and social services. (d) After integrating into a cluster, SM enterprises may reduce the disadvantages of small assets, weak anti-risk ability, high frequency of loan demands and high uncertainty, and thus special financial advantages can be obtained, which may also contribute to theestablishment of financial services for SM enterprises, (e) The development of SM enterprises needs a good law environment. With respect to the law environment for the existence and development of SM enterprises, it is suggested that the basic law and auxiliary law, security mechanism and legal enforcement system should be established and consummated, (f) The fast development of SM enterprises should be based on technology innovation. It is vital for SM enterprises cluster to connect with various industries, to adopt the pluralism and seriation strategy, and to extend the long industry chain, (g) Personnel resources is core resource of SM enterprises, whose innovation is effective ways to become a sustainable core competition force. It is important to enhance the notion of current personnel resources management — "man-centered" in the building of personnel resources of SM enterprises, (h) The services for SM enterprises should not be exclusively the government’s responsibility. Social service system is a market system, which is built by both government and social micro-economic organizations. SM enterprises need social intermediary. And the steps of the socialization and industrialization of intermediary service must be quickened.The research has the following innovative points: (a) In theory, the paper explains the rationality and inevitability of the development of SM enterprises according to analysis of relative theories of SM enterprises, and sheds new light on some puzzling ideas, (b) In practice, it indicates that SM enterprises cluster is an effective way and inevitable choice for SM enterprises, and makes it clear the correct direction for the development mode of SM enterprises, (c) Based on enterprises core competition force theory, it advises to promote the development of SM enterprises with enterprises cluster mode, which can not only enhance the core competition force of every enterprise, but also contribute to overall core competition force of the whole cluster area, (d) From systematic standpoint, it compares international experiences and presents the specific framework and policy suggestions for all the aspects of external supporting systems of SM enterprises, (e) On the construction of SM enterprises’ external supporting system, it provides five major sub-systems: financial services, law policy, technology innovation, personnel resources and social services. Moreover, it points out that all the external supporting systems are interconnected. Therefore, the paper solves systematically the problems of the establishment of the external environment for the development of SM enterprises.更多还原