【作者】 金涛；

【导师】 秦树人；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 测试与测量是人类认识自然界客观事物并对这些事物的若干现象进行量化从而深入认识其本质的必不可少的手段。测试测量仪器则是实现测试测量的基本工具。作为测试测量仪器先进代表的虚拟仪器是仪器技术与计算机软、硬件技术和总线技术紧密结合的产物,具有优越的测试特性,其核心在于用软件实现测试功能。在一切静态测量与动态测量中不可避免的会产生测量误差,测量误差的存在使我们不能直接得到被测量的真实值。在科技迅猛发展的现今,人们对产品的精度要求越来越高,对测量技术的精确度寄以更高的期望。因此,研究测量及测试系统误差,以有效减少和消除误差的影响,提高测试精度成为必须。虚拟仪器在测试过程中也不可避免地会产生误差,影响测试结果的精度。目前还没有针对虚拟仪器系统的完整的误差评价体系,因此对虚拟仪器系统的误差进行研究,得出虚拟仪器系统的误差分析方法和修正方法,是一项具有深远理论价值和现实意义的工作。论文主要从机械测试系统理论、系统的误差分析方法和合成方法、虚拟仪器系统的构成、各子系统误差、虚拟仪器系统的误差描述、误差修正等方面展开深入的研究,具体工作及成果包括: 1) 论述了虚拟仪器及其误差的原理,开创性地针对基于PC 机的虚拟仪器系统的误差分析方法和修正方法进行了系统研究。2) 根据机械测试系统的误差构成原理,在分析虚拟仪器系统结构的基础上,对虚拟仪器系统各组成部分的误差进行了研究与讨论,得出了包括传感器、数据采集系统和虚拟仪器软件的误差分析和修正方法。3) 运用机械工程测试理论和误差理论中的误差传递与误差合成的理论方法对虚拟仪器系统的误差传递及合成进行了研究,在分析虚拟仪器系统各组成部分的误差的基础上,总结出虚拟仪器系统的误差构成公式,得出了统一的虚拟仪器系统的误差描述和分析方法。4) 充分利用虚拟仪器技术的核心就是用软件代替或部分代替传统仪器的硬件的思想,提出虚拟仪器系统的误差修正方法:(1)对于某些易于产生误差和误差较大的硬件部分,考虑用软件来代替硬件实现相应的功能;(2)对无法用软件代替的硬件部分,所产生的系统误差设计软件进行修正。5) 虚拟仪器系统的误差分析和修正方法的案例研究:讨论了虚拟式噪声分析仪、虚拟式心电分析仪的误差分析和修正。更多还原

【Abstract】 Testing and measure are indispensable means for human beings to understand the objective things in the nature and to quantify the phenomena of these things in order to see through the essence. And measuring instruments are essential tools to realize testing and measure. As the advanced delegate of measuring instruments virtual instruments which are the outcome of tight combination of computer software, hardware and bus technology preserve good characteristic of measure. The core of virtual instruments is to realize measuring function by means of software. Errors are inevitable in all the stationary and dynamic measuring process which prevents us to get the real value of the measured quantity directly. Nowadays technologies develop fast and people demand a higher precision for products. Measuring technology is also expected to achieve a higher accuracy. Hence, to research into the errors of measure and measuring system in order to diminish and even eliminate errors, enhance the precision of measure is necessary. When measuring, virtual instruments are inevitable to cause error damaging the precision of measuring results. However, a whole system to evaluate errors for virtual instruments is not available currently. Therefore, to research into the error of virtual instrument system and educe the error analysis and modification methods is of profound theoretical and practical value. The paper researches deep into mechanical measuring theory, systematic error analysis and synthesis method, constitution of virtual instrument system, error of each subsystem, error description and modification of virtual instrument system and so on. The detailed work and outcomes are as following: 1) It discusses the principle of virtual instrument and its error, carries through innovative systematic researches on error analysis and modification method for virtual instrument system. 2) According to the mechanical measuring systematic error constitution theory and based on the analysis of virtual instrument systematic construction, it researches into the errors of each virtual instrument component, and gets the error analysis and modification method of sensors, data acquisition system and virtual instruments’software. 3) It researches into the virtual instrument systematic error transfer and synthesis using mechanical measuring theory and theories and methods of error transfer and synthesis in error theory. Based on the analysis of errors of each virtual instrument component, it generalizes the error constitution formula of virtual instrument systems and gets the uniform error description and analysis method for virtual instruments. 4) It takes the advantages of the idea that the core of virtual instrument technology is to replace or partly replace hardware with software and proposes the error modification method: (1) use software to implement the function of hardware to those hardware which easily cause error or whose errors are too high; (2) design software to modify the errors of hardware which can’t be replaced by software. 5) It provides example for error analysis and modification of virtual instrument system. It discusses the error analysis and modification of virtual noise analyzer and virtual ECG analyzer.更多还原