【作者】 陈冬群；

【导师】 钟辉煌；

【作者基本信息】 国防科学技术大学 ， 光学工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 动态级联型螺线管爆磁压缩发生器(Helical explosively-driven magnetic flux compression generator,HEMCG)由于能够在较大的负载上输出短脉冲大电流,适合于通过脉冲功率调制后驱动真空二极管产生高功率微波和泵浦高功率激光,从而成为近几年来国内外研究的热点。本文从理论分析、等效电路计算、优化设计、工艺研究、实验技术等方面对动态级联型HEMCG进行了深入系统的研究,并对其初始能源、延时控制系统和脉冲功率调制技术进行了详细的研究,具体研究内容如下: 国内首次研制成功总重量只有10kg的由蓄电池加高压逆变器和高储能密度(～1Jcm~3)自愈式电容器构成的爆磁压缩发生器的初始能源系统。该系统体积小、性能稳定,能够提供较大的初始能量(在60μH电感负载上输出电流大10kA),并具有遥控充电和起爆雷管的功能。 采用研制的同轴型导爆索接通开关改进了原有的延时控制系统,该系统不仅结构简单,操作方便,而且延时控制更精确,更安全可靠;对测量爆磁压缩发生器电参数的磁位计和电阻分压器的设计和标定技术进行了详细分析,实践证明能够满足测量要求;介绍了测量爆轰参数的电探针法和高速摄影法。 对动态级联型HEMCG的特性和磁通损耗进行了详细的分析,利用等效电路模型编制了动态级联型HEMCG基于MathCAD软件平台的等效电路计算程序(CIRC-206),其中:电感和直流电阻计算采用镜像电流的方法;级间耦合采用磁通耦合模型;爆磁压缩发生器的非欧姆损耗通过引进损耗系数来评定,而这个系数可以根据文献中类似装置的实验结果来确定。该程序能够计算动态级联型HEMCG的电感、直流电阻、磁通损耗、电流、线圈电压分布等参数,并能跟后续脉冲调制器的等效电路计算相结合。实践证明CIRC-206程序对动态级联型HEMCG的设计和应用研究有较好的指导作用,且具有物理图像清晰、计算快捷的特点。 对储能电容器给爆磁压缩发生器提供初始磁通的两种馈电方式(间接馈电和直接馈电)的优缺点进行了理论分析,给出了选择馈电方式的判据,并说明了本文选择直接馈电的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, dynamic-cascaded helical explosively-driven magnetic flux compression generators (HEMCG) have become the focus due to their capability of outputting high current with short risetime on high impedance loads, and they are suitable to drive vacuum diodes to produce high power microwave and laser after pulsed power modulations. Systematic researches about the dynamic-cascaded HEMCG have been done from theories, equivalent circuit calculations, designs and technological processes to experimental technologies. Their initial energy sources, synchronization system and applications are also systematic studied. Details are listed as follows.For the first time, an initial energy source system for HEMCG was designed and constructed, which includes rechargeable battery, high voltage converter and high energy density (~1J/cm~3) capacitor and can supply more than 10kA current for an inductance load of 60μH. At the same time, it has the characters of small volume, radio telecontrol, and high stability. Additionally, we can fire the detonator in far distance with telecontrol apparatus. Specially, the capacitor used in this system can return to normal after interior partial breakdown. A synchronization system was progressed by using the coaxial switch driven by detonation cord, which is simpler and safer than the old one. The designs and calibrations of the Rogowski coils and resistance dividers are discussed in details. The measurements of the explosive parameters are also discussed.An equivalent circuit MathCAD program called CIRC-206 was written after all kinds of the circuit parameters calculating methods being considered. The inductances and direct current resistances were calculated by using the mirror current model and the magnetic flux coupling between two cascaded classes is decided by using flux capture model which is different from the traditional transformer model. In order to evaluate the non-ohm magnetic flux losses, the magnetic flux losses parameters were used, which can be determined by the related experimental results. CIRC-206 can be run to calculate helical magnetic flux compression generators parameters including inductances, direct current resistances, magnetic flux losses, currents, voltage distribution etc. At the same time, it is easy to be connected with the equivalent circuit calculation programs of the followed pulsed power modulators. The CIRC-206 is a good tool for the design of the dynamic cascaded helical magnetic flux compression generators and a fast program with clear physical pictures.Direct feed and indirect feed are two methods for the capacitor to offer initial magnetic flux to HEMCG, whose advantages and disadvantages are theoretically analyzed in this dissertation.The reasons are given for using the direct feed in ourgenerators.After investigating experiences by international researchers, two kinds of dynamic-cascaded explosively-driven helical magnetic flux compression generators were designed using the CIRC-206. The length of the two generators is 500mm, the diameter is 0160mm, the explosive used is about 1.2kg. The generator whose second class has a conical coil can output more than lOOkA current on 4uH inductance load with a current risetime of 12|a.s, and the other with a cylindrical coil can offer more than 120kA current with risetime of 18us on the same load. The reliability of the two generators is 100%. These results met the requirements of the "863" projects. One of the difficulties is the generators’stability and reliability, which has been overcome by many researches. On one hand, the maching and assembly technologies are perfected. On the other hand the high voltage insulation problems have been resolved by using SF6 and PTFE materials.The voltage waveform of the pulse forming line (PFL) charged by the dynamic-cascaded helical MFCG was analyzed using the CIRC-206, some conclusions about the relations between the charging voltage and the system parameters were achieved. These parameters include connection line inductance between the MFCG and the transformer, the transformer parameters and the PFL parameters. Many experiments have been done and the results demonstrated that the CIRC-206 is helpful for the application research of the dynamic-cascaded HEMCG. The success of the experiments opens a new path for the HEMCG’s pulsed power modulationsEspecially, the lOOkA generator and its initial energy source system have been processed in batches and successfully applied to the experiments of the national "863" project with 100% reliability.更多还原