【作者】 魏昭荣；

【导师】 朱世富；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 材料物理与化学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 高分子材料的大量应用,为人类生产和生活带来巨大益处的同时,也给人类的安全带来了很大的隐患。高分子材料的易燃问题及燃烧发烟问题,已成为影响经济发展和社会稳定的重要因素,因此,解决高分子材料的阻燃及抑烟的问题,发展新型高效的阻燃抑烟剂,已成为新材料研究的重要内容,既有重要的理论意义又有重大的实用价值。 三氧化钼、钼酸铵等钼类化合物是常用的优秀阻燃抑烟剂,它们能在凝聚相中以Lewis酸机理促进PVC脱HCl形成反式多烯,促进非芳香族环状结构的生成,增加成炭量,提高氧指数,减少可燃性组分,降低生烟速度和密度,从而达到阻燃抑烟目的。但由于资源有限,价格昂贵,加上制备工艺较为落后,因此,目前我国作为阻燃剂的钼类化合物与发达国家相比尚存在较大差距。国内对钼化物的应用一般都是与其它阻燃抑烟剂混合后,形成混合型阻燃抑烟剂,加入到阻燃体系中,这种体系存在阻燃抑烟效率低下,资源浪费严重,材料力学性能下降的缺点。 为解决上述问题,本课题的研究一是利用复合的方法,将钼化物制备成具有高效阻燃抑烟性能的复合物;二是通过分子设计方法,将钼元素与其它具有阻燃抑烟性的元素结合,制备成具有优异性能新型化合物;三是结合分子设计方法和复合的方法,将钼元素与其它更多的具有阻燃抑烟性能的元素复合成一个整体,从而显著提高材料的阻燃抑烟性能和理化性能,为发展新型高效阻燃抑烟剂探索出一条新的途径。 本论文从理论上全面论述了燃烧、阻燃与抑烟的机理,指明了阻燃抑烟剂更多还原

【Abstract】 The application of polymer benefits mankind greatly. At the same time, many potential safety problems are brought about. The inflammable and smoking problem of polymer have become important factors that can influence development of economy and steady of society. So, resolving the burning and smoking problem of the polymer, developing new efficiency retardants and smoking suppression, have become research contents of advanced materials. It has realistic and theoretical meaning.The ammonium molybdate and molybdic oxide are common excellent smoking suppression. As Lewis acid, the molybdic compound can accelerates PVC coming off HCl to form reversed olefin in condense state. It realizes the goal of smoke suppressing by promoting the formation of non-aromatics rings,increasing charcoal amount,boosting oxygen index number,decreasing the flammability component and reducing the smoking velocity and density. The rarity of the molybdic compound brings on the valuableness. As the smoking suppression, there is great disparity among our country and the developed country because of the unadvanced preparing technology. The molybdic compound is used to be an element of blending of smoking suppression in our country, The domestic method bring about the decline of effectiveness, the waste of resource and the defect of mechanic properties.In order to resolve the above-mentioned issues, one task of this research is to prepare the excellent complex retardant and smoking suppression of molybdic compound by means of composite.The second is to prepare new excellentmolybdic compound with molybdenum and other elements by means of molecule design. The third is to prepare the excellent complex retardant and smoking suppression with molybdenum and more any other elements by means of molecule design and composite. These works are new methods of researching excellent retardant and smoking suppression because the performances of the molybdic compound have been improved greatly.In this paper, the mechanisms of burning, fireproof and smoke suppressing have been discussed detailedly.So the approach and developmental direction of the retardant and smoking suppression have been pointed out clearly. In the research, the complex smoking suppression of ammonium molybdate and molybdic oxide have been prepared successfully with zeolite as the carrier. The properties of the complex smoking suppression have been studied completely . The results of 01 and smoking density indicate that the effect of the smoking suppressing is remarkable. In the cone calorimetry test, The result of SR indicate that the efficiency of smoking suppression is over 50%. The result of RHR indicate that the complex smoking suppression is of well effect in fireproofing, The result of mechanics capability test indicates that the complex smoking suppression have good compatibility with polymer. The reason of outstanding properties is that the molybdic compound has been dispersed completely in the carrier, which makes the complex smoking suppression touch with the polymer sufficiently and improves reactivity of molybdic compound. So, it can make the most use of the molybdic compound on smoking suppressing. At the same time, the complex smoking suppression has better properties result from the coordinated effect of the carrier. Preparing complex smoking suppression with zeolite as the carrier is a new way of modifying the molybdic compound. This new technique is not only of theoreticsignificance but economic and social significance.By means of the molecule design, We have prepared a few new compounds such as calcium phosphomolybdate with molybdenum, phosphorus and any other elments for the first time. These new phosphomolybdate salt have been characterized by XRD> IR> DSC and TG. Their kinetic equations have beencalculated exactly. These works have laid foundation of the application. In the research, the properties of fireproofing and smoke suppressing have been studied completely. The reason of well properties is that the phosphomolybdate salt possess several elements of fireproofing and smoke suppressing, which can turn into phosphoric acid, water and molybdic compound in high temperature. Furthermore, The result of mechanics capability test indicates that the phosphomolybdate salt has good compatibility with polymer. The study indicates that the phosphomolybdate salt are new kind of flame retardant and smoking suppression because of the well properties of fireproofing and smoke suppressing, the low price and the good compatibility with polymer. In conclusion, the means of molecule design is important theoretic guidance and basic for researching new flame retardant and smoking suppression ?On the base of ammonium phosphomolybdate, phospho-ammonium phosphomolybdate and antimony pentoxide-ammonium phosphomolybdate have been prepared with phosphorus and antimony pentoxide respectively by means of molecule design and composite. The characters given by XRD and IR have laid foundation of their application. The results of 01 ,smoking density and CONE indicate that both phospho-ammonium phosphomolybdate and antimony pentoxide-ammonium phosphomolybdate have better properties of fireproofing and smoke suppressing and good compatibility with polymer. So that, both phospho-ammonium phosphomolybdate and antimony pentoxide-ammonium phosphomolybdate are new kind of retardant and smoking suppression. The combination of molecule design and complex can create new excellent complex with different useful elements. This method is of theoretic and practical significance of studying advanced materials, especially advanced retardant and smoking suppression.In the process of researching advanced retardant and smoking suppression, the application of molecule design and composite can improve the properties and broaden the applied scope. There is an importance of establishing scientific developmental conception, protecting people’s lives, promoting social stability.更多还原