吴兴钱氏家族研究

【作者】 邱巍；

【导师】 郭世佑；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 自1838年钱振伦中进士以后,吴兴钱氏家族开始超越地方宗法家族,而进入了一个文化家族自我成长的过程。在这个家族谱系中,第一代钱振伦与钱振常兄弟均以进士出身,出任京官,晚年又都长期执掌地方书院,观察他们的知识结构和人际网络是研究钱氏兄弟和重要视角;第二代中,钱恂以幕宾身分最后成为出使荷兰和意大利大臣,在戊戌维新运动、湖北的自强活动、近代的外交等诸领域都有一席之地。本文在对钱恂生平事迹考订的基础上,揭示其知识和思想的基本格局;钱恂的夫人单士厘精熟传统文史,掌握多国语言,对中西文史、艺术均有深厚造诣,是晚清著名女学者。纠正在现代化叙事中单士厘形象的偏移,说明其思想意识的复杂性是相关章节的主要任务。钱玄同是以激烈的反传统的形象载入近代思想史的,但他的学术研究和立身处事甚至思维方式又都带有难以抹去的传统立场,本文对他在新文化运动前后的思想变迁和国家观念的梳理分析意在揭示他的思想和思想所处时代的复杂多歧的特征。钱家第三代中,钱三强是新中国原子能事业的开创者之一,他的名字已成为新中国科学事业的代表和象征。从科学的非自主性出发,揭示科学和政治的复杂关系是有关对钱三强的分析的重点。此外,对于家族中的其他有一定影响的人物比如钱稻孙、钱仲联,论文也在相关部分进行了讨论。 近代文化家族的传延、断裂和消逝,反映的是近代社会巨大变迁之中,一种社会自组织机制的瓦解,其背后是社会组织结构、教育体制、学术体制、代际关系、代际意识诸方面的翻天覆地的变化。也正是在近代社会转型的背景下,失去了门阀士族制度、科举制度这些前近代社会中文化家族成立的制度基础,近代文化家族的意义才更加凸显,文化家族现象才尤其值得关注。更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation mainly concerns about a culturally prominent families’s inheriting and changing in modern China. This families come from Wuxing of Zhejiang province, and the first famous generation is Qian Zhenlun and Qian Zhenchang, who are brother. Their success in the Imperial Examination is the beginning of their families’ history. Analysis on their knowledge structure and interpersonal networks is what the following related chapters primarily focus on. Qian Xun, Qian Zhenchang’s first son, is a diplomat in late Qing Dynasty, he plays a necessary role in the Reform Movement of 1898, Zhang Zhidong’s reform and new policies in Hubei province. Understanding his knowledge and mental evolution is based on the study of his whole life. Shan shili, Qian xun’s wife, is a famous literate in late Qing Dynasty. The opinion that Shan shili is a female pioneer who makes for the world maked the most studies on Shan Shili pay more attention to her new and modern side, in fact, there are many traditional factors in her thoughts and feelings world. Qian Xuantong, Qian Zhenchang’s second son, who plays a key role in the New Culture Movement is widely known for his aggressive anti-tradition points of view. But just as most of the people leading, the New Culture Movement, the relation between tradition and modernity in Qian Xuantong’s thoughts is complex. In this text, the envolution of Qian Xuantong’s thoughts before and after the New Culture Movement and his point of nation-state will be emphasized discussed. To most Chinese today, the most famous member in Qian’s families is Qian Sanqiang, who is Qian Xuantong’s third son and whose name now become a symbol of the modern science development in the People’s Republic of China. Therefore, we will put more attention on the relations between science and politics in Qian Sanqiang’s life.The inheriting, break and declining of culturally prominent families in modern China show a collapse of the social self-organization system, and mirror the distinct change of society structure, educational system, academic system, the relationship between generations in modern China. When leaving from the institutional basis of the Officialdom System and the Imperial Examination System, we have the chances to realize the significance of culturally prominent families in modern China.更多还原