【作者】 尚书旗；

【导师】 李宝筏；

【作者基本信息】 沈阳农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文针对中国目前花生的栽培方式和生长特点,结合花生收获机械化水平较低,已有机型所需配套动力大,损失率高,不适应广大农村经营体制的现状,发明和研制了一种新型的摆动式花生收获装置。 论文通过对不同设计方案的理论分析和论证,确定了摆动式花生收获装置动力传动系统和挖掘分离机构的配置形式;在经过了对结构与运动参数、运动机理的可行性分析与验证后,将该装置进行了试制与多次的田间性能试验。不断总结经验和找出问题的所在,先后进行了三轮较大的方案改进;由建立起的各因素与收获装置性能参数之间的回归数学模型和各因素对收获指标的影响程度,以及通过优化后所得到的收获装置参数的最优组合,最终确定了本花生收获装置的主体结构与运动参数。在此基础上,对优化后的收获装置又进行了田间性能试验并且在土槽试验台上进行了整体载荷与各部分所受外载的测定和分析,为本收获装置及同类机型的进一步研究提供了理论基础。本文的主要研究内容如下: 1、对摆动式花生收获装置的结构原理及运动特性进行了详细的理论分析,剖析了空间曲柄摇杆机构、反平行四边形机构以及这两个机构相结合的运动机理与挖掘部件的运动特性,确定了各工作部件的基本参数; 2、通过大量的田间性能试验与结果分析,确定了影响花生收获装置作业质量的主要因素,建立了各因素与收获装置性能参数之间的回归数学模型,并分析了各因素及因素之间交互作用对收获指标的影响程度; 3、对摆动式花生收获装置进行了结构与运动参数的优化,建立了优化目标函数,利用MATLAB与SPSS等相关软件,得到了该收获装置结构参数与运动参数的最优组合; 4、对优化前后的花生收获装置进行了田间收获性能指标的对比试验,主要研究了该花生收获装置各结构和运动参数与性能指标的关系,得到了影响花生收获指标(总损失率、落果率、埋果率、含土率)的主次因素及各因素的显著性水平; 5、利用土槽试验台对该花生收获装置进行了整体载荷、最优组合水平力载荷、挖掘部件载荷、立轴以及动力输出轴扭距载荷的测定和分析,得到更多还原

【Abstract】 The mechanization level of peanut harvesting is lower than other crops at present in China, and the current harvesters have their shortcomings, such as the power consuming and peanut losing rate are higher, so these machines don’t adapt to the operating requirement and management system in the rural area. For this reason, one newly swing peanut harvesting installation has been invented and developed by the author of this dissertation, according to the planting mode and growing characteristics of peanut in China.After theoretically analyzing and determining for several design plans in this dissertation, the configurable schemes of power transmission system and dig-separating system are ascertained firstly. According to the completed feasibility analysis and validation in motion mechanism, structure and parameters, one peanut harvesting installation has been trial-manufactured, subsequently many times of the field performances testing are implemented. Fatal improvements and testing of design plan has been carried out for three times in order to find any problems and summarize the experience. By the regression mathematical model established between testing factors and performance parameters, the influence extent of each experimental factor on the harvesting targets and the optimized parameters combination of which optimized the harvesting installation, the main structure and motion parameters have been confirmed finally. On the basis of the works as mentioned, the other field performance experiments are implemented for the optimized installation, and the operating loads both whole and parts are determined and analyzed by means of the soil-bin tester. All of these efforts have provided plentiful theoretic basis and data for the farther research for this kind or similar installation. The main research contents are as follows:1. The detailed theoretic analysis for the structure principle and motion characteristic of swing peanut harvesting installation is achieved; the principle analysis for crank-rocker mechanism, inverse-parallelogram mechanism and theircombined motion of the two mechanisms, and the motion characteristic of digging parts are accomplished; then the basic parameters of operating parts have been confirmed finally.2. By the plentiful field performance experiments and result analysis for the harvesting installation, the dominant factors which control performance qualities are confirmed, and the regression mathematical models are created between experimental factors and performance parameters; the influence extents which each experimental factor and their interaction contribute to the harvesting targets are analyzed.3. The structure and motion parameters of the swing peanut harvesting installation are optimized; and the objective functions are created. The optimized combination of structure and motion parameters is found by some correlative softwares, such as, MATLAB and SPSS, etc.4. The comparative field tests for harvesting performance targets are implemented between the original and optimized installation. During the process, the relationship of the structure and motion parameters with performance targets have researched emphasized; the dominant factors which control peanut harvesting targets (the total losing rate, nut-fallen rate, nut-buried rate and soil-content rate) and their markedness levels are achieved.5. The operating loads testing for the harvesting installation, such as the whole load, the optimized combination load of horizontal force, the loads of digging parts, the torques of upright shaft and power take-off, are determined and analyzed by means of the soil-bin tester. The distribution rule of the load frequency spectrums and the self-power spectrums of the installation are achieved. All of these have provided the credible foundation for farther theoretic research and mechanism optimized.The main originalities of this installation by the identifying of provincial level are as follows:1. This installation has broken throw the traditional operating mode of which the digging shovel is cooperated with separating chain in these kinds of machines.更多还原