【作者】 李小军；

【导师】 刘和甫；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 塔里木盆地东部(塔东)为天山及阿尔金山夹持的中新生代盆地,自南华纪至第四纪,经历不同构造环境,发育古隆起,伸展构造、冲断构造和走滑构造,构成盆山耦合。早古生代处于克拉通边缘盆地环境,不同类型原型盆地充填各种沉积序列,形成各类油气系统和评价单元。本文以地球动力学环境为主线,进一步分析塔东地区原型盆地层序格架及油气系统。将油气盆地—油气系统—油气区带—油气圈闭作为完整系统进行研究,并对勘探战略及评价划分为4个层次。取得了以下四个方面十二点主要进展和认识: 1、塔东地区地层层序格架的建立。塔里木盆地自震旦纪以来经历不同类型盆地的演化阶段,因此,建立不同构造背景层序充填,可以作为各类油气系统的基础。1)早期伸展阶段形成裂谷盆地层序(南华纪—震旦纪);2)中期稳定发展阶段,形成克拉通盆地层序(古生代);3)晚期聚合与伸展交替阶段,形成前陆盆地层序与造山后裂陷层序交替出现,并有走滑盆地层序出现(中、新生代)。但塔东地区下古生界寒武—奥陶系沉积与塔里木盆地中西部不同,中西部广大地区主要为克拉通内部盆地台地相碳酸盐沉积,而塔东主要为克拉通边缘盆陆架—斜坡相浊流沉积。2、盆地演化与盆山耦合。塔里木盆地演化受控于大洋旋回与大陆旋回的发展。4)离散期塔里木板块从超大陆分离,形成南华纪—震旦纪裂谷;5)漂移期塔里木板块漂移—热沉降,形成古生代克拉通盆地,但局部碰撞时,在克拉通边缘叠加志留纪前陆盆地;6)聚合期塔里木盆地于石炭纪—二叠纪时与欧亚大陆拼合,形成三叠纪前陆盆地,塔东地区与塔西—塔北地区库车坳陷类似;7)大陆旋回:塔里木盆地在侏罗纪时呈现为造山后—弧后伸展,形成裂陷盆地,白垩纪—古近纪为克拉通陆内稳定发展期,新近纪开始为陆内造山及陆内前陆盆地发育,新天山及阿尔金山与塔东盆地形成盆山耦合。3、油气成藏系统分析。塔里木盆地为一大型叠合盆地,塔东地区主要由下古生界克拉通盆地与中新生界前陆盆地叠合而成,因此可以划分为古生代台地型油气系统与中新生代造山型油气系统。8)古生代台地型油气成藏系统主要与寒武—奥陶系古隆起形成良好有效圈闭有关,岩溶带及裂缝带构成良好储层;9)中新生代造山型油气成藏系统与冲断层及走滑断层相关的褶皱构成有效圈闭有关,砂岩及泥岩构成良好储盖组合。4、油气区带评价及勘探目标优选。塔东地区通过地震及钻井资料分析,可以划分出英吉苏凹陷、塔东—古城低隆带及满东低凸起为有利勘探区带。10)英吉苏凹陷中英东1 号构造、阿拉干构造及英南2 号构造将成为优选勘探目标;11)塔东—古城低隆带中塔东1 号构造、塔东2 构及古城2 号构造将成古隆起中优选勘探目标;12)满东低凸起中满东1 号构造则为该区优选勘探目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tarim Basin is a huge and superimposed basin, which was formed by the polymerization of cratonic basin, rift basin and foreland basin. From the Sinian Period to the Quaternary Period, many different tectonic settings had been undergone, and paleohigh, as well as extensional, thrust and strike-slip structures had developed. Various types of prototype basins filled in different sedimentary sequences, forming various types of hydrocarbon systems and evaluation units. In the eastern Tarim Basin, there is a Mesozoic ~ Cenozoic basin held between Tianshan Mountain and Altun Mountain, constituting the mountain-basin coupling; and the pericratonic basin environment existed during the early Paleozoic Era, which should be the strategic superseding area for hydrocarbon exploration in Tarim Basin for the near future. Aiming at the geodynamic environment, this paper further analyzes the sequence framework and hydrocarbon systems of prototype basins in the east Tarim region. In addition to regarding the hydrocarbon basin –hydrocarbon system –hydrocarbon block –hydrocarbon trap as one complete system for study, it classifies the exploration strategy and evaluation into four levels. Based on lots of actual data and in combination with the exploration practices within the region, this paper presents the following 12 main progress and understanding points concerning 4 aspects: 1. Establishment of a formation sequence framework for the eastern Tarim region 1) the rift basin sequence was formed during the early stretching period (South China Period ~ Sinian Period); 2) the cratonic basin sequence was formed during the mid-stable development period (Paleozoic Era); 3) in the late alternative period of tectonic superimposed and stretching, the alternative foreland sequence and the post-orogenic sequence was formed, accompanied with strike-slip basin sequence (Mesozoic Era, and Cenozoic Era). Since the Sinian Period, Tarim Basin has experienced different types of basin evolution stages. Hence, the sequence infill established on different tectonic background can be used as the basis for various types of hydrocarbon systems. However, the Cambrian ~ Ordovician sedimentation in the east Tarim region is different from the central and west Tarim regions. The latter is featured by intra-cratonic basin platform-facies carbonate deposit, while the former is characterized by peri-cratonic basin shelf-slope facies turbidite deposit. 2. Basin evolution and basin-mountain coupling The evolution of Tarim Basin is controlled by the development of oceanic cycle and continental cycle: 4) Divergent stage: Tarim plate was separated from the supercontinent, forming the South China Period ~ Sinian rift; 5) Drifting stage: the Paleozoic cratonic basin was formed through drifting –更多还原