【作者】 王晓薇；

【导师】 漆侠； 姜锡东；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 中国古代史， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 宋代学术思想在我国古代学术思想发展史上占有极其重要的地位。这一时期,儒学的发展进入一个新阶段,与此前注重章句训诂的汉学相对立,形成偏重义理的宋学。《中庸》为儒家思孟学派的代表著作,原为《礼记》之一篇。宋以前《中庸》并未受到儒家学者的重视,一直处于寂莫无闻的状态;唐宋以后,在儒释道三家相互影响渗透之下,《中庸》始受到儒家学者的重视。随着义理之学的兴起,中庸学在宋代获得空前发展,北宋宋学发展时期的各学派都曾对《中庸》进行过研究或注释,特别是经由程朱理学派的推崇尊奉,《中庸》单独成篇,并列为“四书”之一,对封建社会中后期的元明清各代产生重大而深远的影响。本文依据漆侠先生对宋学形成、发展和演变过程的划分,将中庸学在宋代的发展分为三个阶段,即北宋初期形成阶段、北宋中期发展阶段和南宋理学化阶段。本文包括结语在内共分五章: 第一章,《中庸》主要内容及中庸学在宋以前的发展。参考学术界已有研究成果,论定《中庸》作者及成书年代、主要内容及在宋以前的发展情况。第二章,宋学形成阶段的《中庸》学,论述了宋代中庸学发展过程及兴盛原因,阐明了宋初士大夫及佛教徒在排佛反排佛过程中对中庸学兴起产生的推动作用。第三章,宋学发展阶段的《中庸》学,论述了北宋中期司马光、周惇颐及各学派(张载关学、二程洛学、苏氏蜀学、荆公新学)对《中庸》的研究注释情况。并着重探讨了苏氏蜀学与二程洛学在中庸学上的对立分歧。第四章,宋学演变阶段的《中庸》学,包括理学在南宋的发展及传承情况;杨时《中庸》思想及其对荆公新学的批判;理学集大成者朱熹完成《四书章句集注》,建构理学四书学体系;理学内部基于对《中庸》与《孟子》两部儒家经典所阐明心性论思想的不同理解,分化为理学与心学两派;反理学的浙东事功派对《中庸》作者及内容表示怀疑,以否定程朱理学派的“道统论”。第五章结语:阐述理学派四书学对我国封建社会后期元明清各代的影响及反理学思想的发展。对程朱理学派存天理、灭人欲的伦理道德学说进行批判。更多还原

【Abstract】 The academic thought of Song Dynasty occupied the extremely important status on our country’s ancient academic thought development history. This period, the development of Confucianism enters a new stage, Song Xue which pay more attention to Yi LI(meaning and reason) take the place of Han Xue which pay much attention to Zhang Ju (Chapters and Sentences) and can not fully explain the principles and significance of the classics. " the Doctrine of the Mean "is the representative work of school SiMeng for the Confucianists and it is one of " Book of Rites " originally. " the Doctrine of the Mean "hasn’t been paid attention to by scholars of the Confucianists until Tang and Song Dynasty. With the development of Yi Li (meaning and reason), Academic thought of " the Doctrine of the Mean " win unprecedented development in Song Dynasty. " the Doctrine of the Mean "was researched or explained by different schools of developing period of Song Xue. Neo-Confucianism gave high praise to " the Doctrine of the Mean " and it becomes one of" the Four Books ". It produces a great and far-reaching influence in the back-end Ming and Qing Dynasties to the feudal society. According to kind teacher QiXia’s division to Song Xue, the Author divide the development of " the Doctrine of the Mean " into three stages, namely formed stage, developing stage of middle period of of Northern Song Dynasty and Neo-Confucianism stage in the Southern Song Dynasty in this text. This text is divided into five chapters including the ending speech: this text. Chapter one," the Doctrine of the Mean "original meaning and the development of " the Doctrine of the Mean " in the past Song. According to academia research results, the author expiain " the Doctrine of the Mean " author and become book times, main content and the development in the past Song. Chapter two, " the Doctrine of the Mean " of Song Xue’s form stage , expound the fact of " the Doctrine of the Mean " and its evolution and prosperity reason in Song Dynasty, expound court official produced the impetus to form " the Doctrine of the Mean " in the course of arranging Buddha . Chapter three, " the Doctrine of the Mean " at developing stage of Song Xue’s is studied. Different scholars and schools including Si Maguang , Zhou Dunyi , zhang Zai ,Cheng Hao, Cheng Yi, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, studied and explained " the Doctrine of the Mean " in middle period Northern Song Dynasty .There was great difference on" the Doctrine of the Mean " between Su Shi and Cheng Yi . Chapter four, the " the Doctrine of the Mean " at stage of Song Xue’s development is studied, including development in the Southern Song Dynasty of Neo-Confucianism and situation of passing on; Yang Shi’s " the Doctrine of the Mean " and the criticism to JingGongXinXue; Zhu Xi who was the comprehensive expression of Neo-Confucianism finished " the Four Books chapter focus ", constructed the the system of Four Books of Neo-Confucianism; Neo-Confucianism divided into two groups according to different understanding of the thought of " the Doctrine of the Mean " and "Meng Zi". Yie Shi, the representative figure of ZheDongShiGong school, doubted and denied " the Doctrine of the Mean "of ZhuXi school. Chapter five concluding speech: the Author explain the influences of "the Four Books "of Neo-Confucianism to our country feudal society later stage yuan , Ming and Qing Dynasties and Criticize ethics theory of Neo-Confucianism.更多还原