【作者】 李富生；

【导师】 林位夫； 何顺长；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本研究在课题组考察采集和保育鉴定甘蔗野生种质资源的前期工作基础上,依托云南省自然科学基金资助项目（2001C0015Q）,首次利用具有特异优良性状（抗旱、耐寒、锤度高、染色体数目少）的蔗茅（Erianthus fulvus）野生种与甘蔗栽培种或品种（系）进行属间远缘杂交,扩大甘蔗遗传多样性;采用新技术、新方法对蔗茅杂种F₁代材料进行早期鉴定评价研究,筛选具有育种价值的新种质,为进一步选育生态适应性广、抗逆性强、丰产高糖的甘蔗新品种奠定物质基础。研究结果如下: 1.蔗茅花粉量较多,花粉发育良好。在自然条件下,蔗茅新鲜花粉仅能存活1h左右;而经低温（10℃）硅胶干燥2h后贮藏于-80℃条件下,其生活力保持可超过360d。蔗茅贮藏花粉生活力的下降比率与花粉含水量呈显著正相关（r=0.933^**）;含水量降至10%以下的花粉在低温中贮藏时才能保持较高生活力。 2.在以昆明蔗茅为父本、2个甘蔗热带种和6个杂交种为母本的8个杂交组合中,“崖城89/9×昆明蔗茅”和“Korpi×昆明蔗茅”的实生苗表现较好。共培育成活418份F₁代实生苗。 3.蔗茅杂种F₁代3个材料的2n=80～82,其染色体遗传规律可能是“（n+10）+n”或“n+2n”模式。DNA分子标记鉴定126个F₁代材料,获得2个RAPD随机引物（OPA-19、OPN-11）和1对ITS特异引物（ZM-02）,它们可以同时用于蔗茅杂种F₁代真实性的鉴定。 4.蔗茅杂种F₁代9个材料的Pn与E、C_s、CO_2int、WUE（Pn/E）之间的相关性表现并不完全一致,表明造成Pn变化的原因可能有几种类型:①气孔限因素和非气孔限制因素共同作用型,如子代46、58、117、120。②气孔限制因素为主的类型,如子代47、68。③非气孔限制因素效应大于气孔限制因素效应的类型,如子代52、64、67。另外,chl、chla、chlb、chla/b与Pn呈显著正相关,它们可作为筛选高光效育种材料的辅助指标。 5.蔗茅杂种F₁代5个材料的隶属函数综合评价抗旱性的结果表明,不同材料在水分胁迫下可能具有不同的抗旱途径。它们的抗旱性强弱顺序为:子代117、子代58、子代64、子代120、子代52,这与复水1个月后的生长情况相吻合。 6.蔗茅杂种F₁代5个材料的电解质外渗率随温度的降低或低温时间的延长而增更多还原

【Abstract】 Basing on our early stage research work about collection and description of sugarcane germplasm （saccharum complex） and the aided project of Yunnan Natural Science Fund （2001 C0015Q）, the wild species Erianthus fulvus, which has good characters, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, higher Brix and less chromosome number, was utilized for the first time through intergeneric hybridization with sugarcane cultivar （Saccharum officinarum）. Its F₁ hybrids were appraised with some new techniques and methods for germplasm enhancement. Research results are as follows.1. The E.fulvus produced abundant pollen grains and developed very well. Its fresh pollen was alive only about 1h under natural condition, but it would survive more than 360d when it was dried 2h by silica gel under lower temperature （10℃） and stored below -80℃. The viability of the stored pollen was positively correlated with the content of pollen moisture （r = 0.933**） . When the pollen moisture content descended below 10% and stored under lower temperature condition, its higher viability was recorded.2. Kunming E. fulvus as male parentage were crossed with two S. officinarum and six sugarcane hybrid cultivars as female parentage. Two of them （Yacheng89/9 × Kunming E. fulvus, Korpi × Kunming E.fulvus） were considered as better-hybridized combinations. 418 seedling-plants from 8 hybridized combinations were got.3. Three intergeneric hybrids （Sugarcane × Erianthus fulvus） had 2n = 80-82 chromosome number, the chromosome transmission of their parents was a type of "（n +10） + n" or "n + 2n". DNA molecular markers from two RAPD random primers （OPA-19, OPN-11） and a pair ITS specific primer （ZM-02） had been gotten to identify the genuine hybrids among 126 F₁ hybrid seedlings.4. Between Pn and E, C_s, CO_2int, WUE （Pn/E） , their correlation of 5 hybrids was not consistent. The result showed that the Pn changed reason had 3 types : （1）Pn was changed by stomatal conductance factor and non- stomatal conductance factors, such as hybrid 46, 58, 117, and 120; （2）Pn was changed mostly by stomatal conductance factor, such as hybrid 47 and 68; （3）Pn was changed mostly by non- stomatal conductance factors, such as hybrid 52, 64, and 67. In addition, Pn was positively correlated with Chl, Chla,更多还原