【作者】 方少勇；

【导师】 张正河； 李铁；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 城市化过程是生产要素配置的过程,要素配置的效率决定城市化进程。本文通过对生产要素配置主体的博弈分析,得到在现有制度框架下的博弈必然结局,将均衡结局与实践现状和理论预期进行比较,研究要素低效配置的原因,探讨提高城市化过程中小城镇生产要素配置效率的改进方向。 本文的逻辑主线体现在小城镇生产要素配置的博弈过程及结局分析。劳动力要素的博弈均衡显示了城市化进程中,小城镇劳动力要素的配置并不存在明显由局中人行为导致的障碍,但土地要素配置的博弈却存在土地不可避免的浪费和违反城市化一般规律的必然结局,资本要素配置的博弈显示了城镇间以土地和公共利益让渡为主要手段的资本竞争是零和博弈。在此基础上,总结了城市化滞后的原因和生产要素配置效率提高的主要障碍是土地要素的配置不当。 城市化的公共性和复杂性,决定了我国城市化过程的政府主导,决定了劳动力转移是城市化的主要目标。 本文对拉文斯坦移民法则中人口梯级迁移规律进行了改进,加入农村劳动力流动中的生存理性因素,使之符合我国人口迁移现状。本文认为在梯级迁移规律作用下,城市化是由小城镇发端,自下而上的进程,小城镇是我国城市化进程的重点,土地要素的配置决定了迁移者的定居行为和资产增值空间,只有低廉的定居成本和较大资产增值空间,才能够促使人口梯级迁移在农村、城镇和大中城市间次第发生,形成劳动力转移的持续发生机制。 本文还提出了以下几个观点:受梯级迁移规律作用,农村流动人口很难实现在大城市的定居;城镇居民资产升值效果因生产要素聚集而产生,但也形成进一步聚集的障碍;移民带资入城和住宅经营资产合一的城镇初始聚集方式,不仅加速了人口城市化进程,还改变了城镇生产要素配置的博弈力量对比。 论文的创新主要体现在对人口梯级迁移规律进行了生存理性因素的改进,多主体、多策略的冲突分析模型在城市化研究中的应用,以及在参考西方城市化研究体系的研究方法基础上,提出了以城市史研究更新我国城市化研究方法体系,并应用在论文的论述中。 在论文的最后,提出了加速我国城市化进程和提高生产要素配置效率的若干政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is stated in the paper that the urbanization course is the course that factors of production are allocated, and allocation efficiency of the factors determines the urbanization process. By analyses on games between subjects of factors allocation, this paper has the inevitable results under the existing system frame, then probes into direction to improve efficiency of factors allocation in towns by comparing equilibrium results with the theoretic anticipation and studying on the causes of poor efficiency in factors allocation.The logic of this paper embodies in game course and results of production factors allocation. The game equilibrium of labor force factor alloction shows there is no obvious obstacle caused by behavior of game players; the game of land factor allocation shows an inevitable result :waste of land and general urbanization laws are violated; the game of capital factor allocation shows it is a zero-sum game that capital competition occurred among towns by land supply and public interests remised. Base on these judgements, the paper sum up that cause of urbanization lag and the main obstacle for allocation efficiency of production factors.Public characters and complexity of the urbanization, determines the leadership of government during the urbanization process of our country. It also determines the importance of labor force transfer goal in urbanization.The paper has improved Ravenstein’s immigrant laws by mixing subsistence rationality factors of rural labor force flows, takes out law of population migrates by steps which accords with the actuality in our country. The paper implies that the urbanization is a process begins with towns,and form bottom to top, towns are the emphases of urbanization, and alloction of land factor determines behavior of immigrant to settle down and surplus of thire assets appreciation. It is possible to happen that population migrates over steps between rural area, towns and cities when habitation cost is lower enough and surplus of thire assets appreciation is more. And then the mechanism of transfer for labor force will be formed.The paper has also proposed the following several view: the function of law of population migrates by steps is very difficult to make present flowing rural residents to settle down in big city; Accumulation of production factors result assets appreciation of urban residents, but also form the obstacle for further accumulation; The initial accumulation way which immigrant enters the city earring capital, and dwelling compounds the function of productive assets, not merely accelerates urbanization of population,and changes the power distribution in allocation game of production factors.Innovation of thesis is represented in: Improvement in immigrant laws by mixing subsistence rationality factors; Application of multi-subjects and multi-tactics conflict analysis model in research of urbanization;and proposal in urbanization research approach by studying city histroy which consulting the research approach of western urbanization,and applied to discourse of the paper.At the end of thesis, several policy recommendations are put forward,which are how to accelerate the urbanization in towns of our country and improve efficiency of production factors allocation.更多还原