普京执政以来的俄美关系

【作者】 赵淑芳；

【导师】 张琏瑰；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 国际政治， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 论文主要论述普京执政以来俄美关系的发展进程,特别关注俄美战略互动及影响俄美关系发展的因素。论文包括导言和正文。正文共分五章。 导言主要论述选题的意义、目的和研究方法,分析了国内外的研究现状及成果,指出了论文的创新与不足之处。 第一章主要分析普京执政后俄罗斯对外战略的调整以及俄对美政策的变化。普京执掌国家大权正直俄罗斯社会处于一个内外交困的历史关头。在吸取叶利钦外交经验与教训的基础上,普京调整了俄对外战略。与前任相比,普京的对外战略更积极、灵活、务实。在对外战略指导思想调整下,俄罗斯对美外交政策出现重大变化。普京明确承认美国的全球支配地位,认为俄美关系的不对称是事实,但不是悲剧。从立足国内发展,振兴经济、确保国家安全,融入国际体系的战略需求出发,寻求与美国合作成为普京对美政策的主流。普京以现实主义态度改善对美关系的根本目标在于,将俄美关系纳入“正常发展轨道”,即俄美关系的发展必须符合俄大国复兴的总体战略,必须符合俄切实的国家利益。在此基础上,俄对美外交战略设想发生转变,不寻求与美发生战略性对抗和竞争,建立稳固的战略信任关系甚至战略伙伴成为俄对美外交政策追求的目标。 第二章主要论述俄美建立新型战略关系以来在政治、安全领域的发展进程。“9.11”事件后俄美建立新型战略伙伴关系,俄美关系改善没有自然地导致俄美战略竞争的消失。俄美签署了《进一步削减进攻性战略武器条约》,但由于该条约主要体现美国的意志,再加上美国退出《反导条约》,核战略优势进一步向美倾斜。俄罗斯与北约“20 国”机制建立没有阻止北约第二轮东扩的步伐,美国主导的北约在欧洲安全格局中仍居核心位置。美国借反恐之机乘势进入了中亚,俄美在独联体地区渗透与反渗透的较量仍在继续。为解决车臣问题和缓解周边安全形势俄积极支持美国反恐,但由于反恐是俄对外战略的重要问题,不是首选问题,以及俄美在反恐认识上的分歧,俄不会一直被美主导和控制的国际反恐怖主义活动所左右。在世界地区热点问题上俄美的冲突时隐时现。伊拉克战争期间,俄罗斯坚持反战不反美,俄美关系经受了考验。在伊朗核问题上,俄美之间关于俄伊核能合作,特别是俄向伊朗提供核和导弹技术的争议一直不断。在朝核危机中尽管核心是美朝矛盾,但俄罗斯积极发挥斡旋作用,有利于朝鲜半岛核危机的缓和。 第三章主要关注普京执政以来俄美经贸合作进程以及俄美能源合作问题。普京执政以来俄罗斯经济出现恢复性增长。俄美互为经贸合作伙伴。在俄美贸易中,更多还原

【Abstract】 The dissertation discusses the evolvement of Russia-US relations after Putin came into power. It mainly concerns the strategic interactions between Russia and US, as well as the influential factors about its evolvement. The dissertation consists of introduction and main body which includes five chapters. In the introduction, the author explains the significance and research methods of the topic, analyses the study status quo and achievements home and abroad, and points out the innovation and shortcomings of the dissertation. In the first chapter, the author mainly analyses the adjustment of Russia’s foreign policy and the changes that happen to Russia’s US policy after Putin came into power. Putin came into power at the historical crisis that Russia was beset with difficulties both at home and abroad. On the basis of drawing foreign experience and lessons from Yeltin, Putin adjusted Russia’s foreign policy. Comparing with his predecessor, Putin adopted a more active, flexible and pragmatic foreign policy. As the guiding thoughts about foreign policy adjusted, Russia’s US policy changed greatly. Putin clearly confessed US’s global dominance position, considered that the asymmetry of Russia-US relations was a fact, but not a tragedy. Considering from the strategic demands to focus on domestic affairs to revive the economy, insure Russia’s security and merge into the international community, Putin’s mainstream US policy was to seek cooperation with US. Putin improved Russia-US relations with a realistic attitude, whose ultimate aim was to make the Russia-US relations develop on a “normal development orbit”, namely, the development of Russia-US relations must be in line with Russia’s general strategies of reviving as a great power, and must be in line with Russia’s pressing national interests. On this basis, Russia’s foreign strategy thoughts toward US changed. Not seeking strategic confrontation and competition, building up steady strategic trustful relations even strategic partnership became the goal of Russia’s US foreign policy. In the second chapter, the author mainly expounds the evolvement in political, security field after Russia-US new-style strategic relations set up. The set up of Russia-US new-style strategic partnership after “9·11” and the improvement of Russia-US relations didn’t necessarily lead to the disappearance of Russia-US strategic competition. Though Russia and US signed the Treaty on Further Reduction and Limitation of Offensive Strategic Arms,since the treaty chiefly reflected US’s purpose, together with US’s withdrawal from Anti-ballistic Missile Treaty, the nuclear strategic advantage further tilted towards US. The set up of “20 nations” mechanism between Russia and NATO didn’t stop the second wave of NATO’s Eastward Expansion,the US-led NATO still holds a core position in the European security pattern. Taking the advantage of anti-terrorism, US penetrated into the Central Asia, and the competition of penetration and anti-penetration between Russia and US in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) continues. In order to solve Chechen issue and alleviate the peripheral security situation, Russia actively supported the US anti-terrorism, however, since anti-terrorism is merely an important issue to Russia’s foreign strategy but not an principal one, and divergence on anti-terrorism between Russia and US existed, Russia will not always be influenced by the US-led international anti-terrorism. The conflicts on international hotspot issues between Russia and US loomed. During Iraq War, Russia insisted on opposing the war but not America, and Russia-US relations stood the trials. On Iran nuclear issue, Russia and US continuously argued over Russia’s providing nuclear and missile technology to Iran. On Korean Peninsular nuclear crisis, though the core contradiction exists between US and North Korea, Russia has been actively playing a mediating role which helps alleviate the tense situation of the nuclear crisis. In the third chapter, the author chiefly expounds the e更多还原