【作者】 李慧卿；

【导师】 张洪江； 江泽平；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 绿洲外围的半固定植被,对减少风沙危害,保护绿洲发挥着重要的作用,是固沙植被恢复重建研究的重点内容之一。另外,对人工固沙林长时间段的试验结果缺乏研究总结,是试验结论不太可靠的重要原因。 种群格局分析是研究群落结构、种群间相互作用以及种群与环境关系的重要手段,是植被恢复重建进行植物种选择及植物种配置的基础研究内容之一。Robertson et al(1988)研究发现:在荒漠植被中,草本植物与灌木植物共同决定着群落中种群个体的分布格局,但国内荒漠植被格局研究中,还未见灌木草本多种群混合格局研究的报道。 种群格局研究方法以单种群研究居多。由于多种群多规模研究的复杂性,过去研究多局限于多种群单规模或单种群多规模的研究。Ver Hoef & Glenn-Lewin(1989)在Noy-Meir & Anderson(1971)多规模排序方法的基础上,对其进行修正后,能有效地鉴别出多种群及其相应的空间格局规模,是国际上研究多种群多规模格局应用频率最高的一种方法,但在国内植被格局研究中,应用的还较少,未见相关报道。 本文以乌兰布和沙漠东北缘黄灌区和井灌区绿洲外围天然半固定沙冬青群落、白刺群落、油蒿群落以及人工固沙植被(或人工干扰演替植被,七十年代末八十年代初营造的人工固沙林,现位于黄灌区绿洲林网内侧)为研究对象;采用连续小样方组成的样带法,对不同群落所有植物种同时进行取样。由于研究的是灌木加草本的多种群混合格局,样方大小的选择以照顾草本为主,通过加长样带的长度,来满足灌木格局的需求。运用Ver Hoef & Glenn-Lewin(1989)修正的多规模排序法和Dale & Zbigniewicz(1995)提出的格局强度、格局一致性指标、不同植物种对植被格局的贡献率以及Noy-Meir等(1971)移动的样方加权平均值等方法,对比分析了两种灌溉模式绿洲外围半固定植被的多种群多规模格局特点、植被与覆沙厚度关系以及人工固沙林经过二十多年的半自然演替后植被的结构特征及分布格局。本研究旨在为两种灌溉模式绿洲外围固沙植被恢复重建进行植物种选择、植物种配置及种群、群落结构调控提供依据。研究结果表明: (1) 黄灌区与井灌区绿洲外围两个半固定沙冬青群落基本以多种群共同控制的灌木格局为主,草本植物在格局中的贡献率较低。黄灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落以油蒿与沙冬青控制的灌木格局为主,还出现沙冬青、白刺、油蒿与籽蒿多种群控制的灌木格局。而井灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落格局的控制种仅以白刺与沙冬青为主。与井灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落相比,黄灌区绿洲外围沙冬青群落以较小的格局规模为主,并且整体格局强度相对较大,格局一致性相对较低。 (2) 黄灌区和井灌区绿洲外围半固定白刺群落格局基本为白刺单种群控制的灌更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetation in half fixed dunes outside the oasis plays important role in decreasing damage of sand and protecting oasis, which is one of the main objects in sand fixing vegetation restoration and reconstruction researching. In addition, the conclusion of artificial sand fixing vegetation researching missing long period investigation and analysis is doubtful.The paper analyses the natural Ammopiptanthus mongolicus communities, Nitraria tangutorum Communities and Artemisia Ordosica Communities in the half fixed dunes outside the oases irrigated by Huanghe River and well water respectively (hfdoiHR & hfdoiww) and the artificial vegetation planted two decades ago on the north east of Ulanbuhe desert. Belt (transect) composed of contiguous (abutting) quadrats is used in sampling, in which the cover of each species is estimated. Due to aiming at the multi-species pattern of shrub and grass, grass species is mainly considered in deciding the size of quadrat and the shrub species’ needs are meet by lengthening the belt (transects). Making use of the methods of multi-scale ordination modified by Ver Hoef & Glenn-Lewin (1989), the pattern intense and pattern consistency index and the contribution of species to pattern Dale & Zbigniewicz (1995) put forward, and the moving weight average quadrat scores (Noy-Meir & Anderson) etc., the paper contrasts the vegetation pattern characters in half fixed dunes outside the Huanghe River irrigating oasis and the well water irrigating oasis, analyses the relation between vegetation and sand height and the structure of artificial vegetation after two decades of succession. The purpose of the paper is to provide the base data for sand fixing vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the area. The results show that:(1) Most patterns of the two Ammopiptanthus mongolicus communities in hfdoiHR & hfdoiww are multi-species shrub patterns and the contribution of grass species to pattern isvery low. The patterns of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus communities in hfdoiHR are mainly shrub patterns controlled by Artemisia Ordosica and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, besides some shrub patterns controlled by Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, Nitraria tangutorum, Artemisia Ordosica and Artemisia sphaerocephala. The patterns of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus communities in hfdoiww are shrub pattern controlled by Nitraria tangutorum and Ammopiptanthus mongolicus. The pattern scale of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus communities in hfdoiHR is much smaller, the pattern intense is larger and the pattern consistency index is lower, contrasting with that in hfdoiww.(2) The patterns of the two Nitraria tangutorum communities in hfdoiHR & hfdoiww are all shrub patterns controlled by single species Nitraria tangutorum. The number of pattern scale is more, pattern scale is larger, the corresponding pattern intense and the pattern consistency are lower in Nitraria tangutorum communities in hfdoiHR , contrasting with that in hfdoiww.(3) The patterns of the Artemisia Ordosica communities in hfdoiHR are shrub patterns controlled by single species Artemisia Ordosica and the multi-species shrub patterns controlled by Artemisia sphaerocephala, Nitraria tangutorum and Artemisia Ordosica. The patterns of the Artemisia Ordosica communities in hfdoiww are shrub patterns controlled by single species Ammopiptanthus mongolicus and the multi-species shrub pattern controlled by Artemisia Ordosica and Nitraria tangutorum. The number of pattern scale is less, the average pattern intense is higher, and the total consistency index of the whole community is lower in Artemisia Ordosica communitie in hfdoiHR, contrasting with that in hfdoiww.(4) The relation of vegetation and sand height is showed by that of moving average of weighted quadrat score and sand height that not only emphasize that of the species combination and sand height but also that of the individual species and sand height. The Ammopiptanthus mongolicus community in hfdoiww shows some negative correlation, the Nitraria tangutorum Community in hfdoiww shows no correlation; and Most of the vegeta更多还原