蒙汉历史接触与蒙古族语言文化变迁

【作者】 曹道巴特尔；

【导师】 张公瑾；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族语言文学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文采用系统科学浑沌学理论与方法,从蒙汉历史接触出发,考察中国蒙古族语言文化在自然地理、人文社会大环境中的整体性变化。利用翔实可靠的考古、传说、文献依据,分析蒙古族语言文化三大类型的产生。通过物质文化和制度文化变迁与语言文化变迁之间的相互关系,系统探讨中国蒙古族语言文化原生态、过渡态、次生态的变迁。通过蒙古语语音、语法、词汇演变分析,探求汉语言文化对蒙古族语言文化的影响和作用。最后,对蒙古族语言文化未来发展前景进行展望。本文共由五个部分构成。第一章(绪论)详细交待研究对象、研究意义、以往成果以及本文采取理论与方法。绪论首先介绍了蒙汉历史接触所产生蒙古族语言文化牧区、半农半牧区、农区三大类型并存格局,指出牧区语言文化是蒙古族语言文化的原生态,半农半牧区语言文化是过渡态,农区蒙古族语言文化是次生态。绪论还从蒙古族语言文化三态、强势语言对弱势语言的作用、对母语危机语言的抢救和保护的意义等6个方面强调了研究蒙古族语言文化变迁的重要意义。绪论认真总结以往成果,指出了研究蒙汉历史接触所产生蒙古族语言文化变迁的重要性。绪论最终介绍本文采用理论与方法,充分解释张公瑾先生关于文化语言学的浑沌理论和方法在本文中的运用以及从社会、历史、政治、经济等整体环境进行多视角、多层面分析的功效。第二章具体分析蒙古族语言文化三大类型的产生。1. 从考古、神话传说、民族交往和相互影响史来分析原生态的产生,指出蒙古族语言文化原生态是吸收匈奴、鲜卑、柔然、突厥、回绝、契丹、女真语言文化成分而形成,是漠北草原自然环境和人文环境的必然产物。2.关于蒙古族语言文化过渡态,笔者分析蒙古族地区半农半牧化和农业化过程及其结果,指出漠南草原先天具备可耕可牧条件,它不仅是自然界的浑沌区域又是农牧交替的浑沌文化区域;漠南蒙古人是鲜卑、契丹、女真浑沌文化的继承者,它先天具备实现半农半牧语言文化的内在随机性和对初始的敏感依赖性,又有外部环境作用因素。3.关于语言文化次生态的产生,笔者以清末民初以来蒙古族地区蒙汉民族人口失衡为主线,指出农业经济和农业汉族人口的进一步增加,加强了蒙古族接受汉语言文化的程度,促使蒙古族由半农半牧语言文化向农业语言文化的转变。 第三章运用语言文化同构理论,探讨物质文化变迁和制度文化变迁在语言文化变迁中的表现。文章对蒙古族服饰、饮食、住所、生产等物质文化和对社会、宗教、法律、婚姻、人名姓氏、亲属制度等制度文化进行详细分析,展现牧区、半农半牧区、农区三个不同类型之间的差异。 第四章从语言要素的角度分析蒙古族语言文化的变异。文章通过对蒙古族语言文化三大类型区语音、语法、词汇的仔细分析和比较,找出文化变迁在语言要素差异上的表现。 第五章(结语)是对全文的总结。文章指出蒙古族地区农牧文化结合的必然性,分析过度农耕的后果,探讨蒙古族语言文化现状,最后,从历史贡献、语言活力、在中华语言文化整体格局中的角色展望蒙古族语言文化发展前景。关键词:蒙汉接触,蒙古族语言文化变迁,汉语言文化影响更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation uses chaos theory and method of systematic science, and from points of view of historical contact between Mongolian and Han Chinese to discuss systematic changes among natural geography and social environment. I analyze three types of origin of Mongolian language and culture using reliable archeology, legendary, and historical documentary evidences. From the relationship between material culture and changes of spiritual cultures with language and culture, I systematically explore changes of prototype, transition and subculture of Mongolian language and culture in China. I also discuss how Chinese language and culture influences Mongolian language and culture throughout analysis of sound, grammatical and lexical changes. Finally, I prospect for study of Mongolian language and culture in the future. This thesis contains five chapters:Chapter 1 introduces framework of Prof. Zhang’s chaos theory and method of cultural linguistics, and uses this framework to explore society, history, politics and economy of Mongolian culture. This chapter also provides historical contact between Mongolian and Han Chinese, which results in co-existence of husbandry, semi-husbandry and semi-cultivation, and cultivation types of Mongolian language and culture. It also introduces target of this study, significance of this study, previous research, and theory and research methodology. I propose nomadic language and culture is prototype of Mongolian language and culture, semi-husbandry and semi-cultivation language and culture is transition of prototype, and cultivation language and culture is sub-culture. In this chapter, I emphasize on three language and cultural types in whichdominant language influences deprived language, save and preserve mother tongue, significant influence of Mongolian language and cultural changes, etc.In chapter 2, we analyze origins of three types of Mongolian language and culture: firstly, I propose prototype of Mongolian language and culture is resulted from absorbing Xiongnu, Xianbei, Rouran, Tujue, Huihu, Qidan, and Nuzhen languages and cultuers in terms of archeology, Myth, legend and history of communication of ethnic groups and influences each other. It is also an inevitable outcome of natural environment and social environment of Mobley prairie. Secondly, I come up with transition of prototype resulting from semi-husbandry and semi-cultivation, and argriculturalization. At the same time, I provide natural condition for cultivation and husbandry. Not only is it the chaotic area of natural world, but it is a hybrid of arable and nomadic cultural area as well. Mongolian who inhabit in Mona are heirs of Iambi, Quean and Noshed chaotic culture. Finally, as for sub-culture, I focus on population asymmetry between Mongolian and Han Chinese in Mongolian area since the end of Qing dynasty and the beginning of Republic of China. It promotes Mongolian learning and accepting Han Chinese culture with increases of agricultural economy and Han agricultural population, and causes to Mongolian language and culture shift from semi-cultivation and semi-husbandry culture to cultivation completely.In chapter 3, I use the framework of language and culture isomorphism to discuss linguistic realization of material culture changes and spiritual culture changes. I show differences of three types of husbandry, semi-cultivation and semi-husbandry, and cultivation areas throughout in-depth analysis of material cultures, such as clothing, foodsand drinks, dwellings, and manufacture, and spiritual cultures, i.e. society, religion, law, marriage, naming and kinship system, etc.Chapter 4 studies variations of Mongolian language and culture from linguistic element perspectives, concentrating on different realizations of linguistic elements in terms of analysis of sound, grammar and lexicon of Mongolian.Chapter 5 is the final part of this dissertation, we discuss inevitability of combining agricultural culture with husbandry culture in Mongolian area to explore current status of Mongolian language and culture. Finally, we更多还原