【作者】 李克斌；

【导师】 高希武； 曹雅忠；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 农业昆虫学与害虫防治， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 以粘虫Mythimna separata(Walker)为对象,本论文研究了成虫飞行与能源物质利用、保幼激素滴度及酶活力的关系:并对甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua(Hb.)能源物质积累及其飞行能耗动态进行了相应的比较研究。主要研究结果如下: 粘虫成虫飞行对甘油酯的恢复、保幼激素(JH)的滴度及飞行肌降解有不同影响,研究结果表明,不同日龄粘虫的飞行活动对其能源物质的积累及保幼激素的分泌产生的影响不同。1日龄蛾的飞行对粘虫这两方面产生的影响最大,其飞行个体能源物质的积累明显高于未飞行的对照个体:3日龄飞行的能源物质恢复与对照相当;但5日龄的飞行处理则很难达到对照的水平。1日龄飞行处理咽侧体活性在36h后明显高于对照,60h后已是对照的10倍,在108h达到其峰值;3日龄飞行个体咽侧体的活性稍高于对照,但差别不显著。5日龄飞行处理的咽侧体活性稍低于对照。不同日龄的飞行对飞行肌的降解也产生不同的影响。1日龄飞行处理的粘虫飞行肌干重在飞行后6d已经明显低于对照处理。3、5日龄的飞翔活动对其飞行肌降解的影响不明显。因此推测,粘虫咽侧体活化的关键时期可能在羽化后的1-3d之间。 对3日龄粘虫雌蛾飞行过程中不同酶活性的研究结果表明,在室内饲养条件下,粘虫在飞行过程中其能量代谢有以下特点:在飞行的前5min,所有与糖代谢和脂肪代谢相关的酶活性都快速升高,这段时期脂肪代谢的酶活性也完全被活化,HOAD活性明显增强;但在5-60min持续飞行期间与能量代谢有关的酶活性都有所下降,表明此时飞行活性趋于平稳。飞行中的粘虫具有极高的有氧代谢能力,也具备一定的无氧代谢能力。飞行过程中GAPDH∶HOAD接近于1,但稍大于1,说明粘虫飞行过程中能源物质利用属于混合型,但动用脂肪比糖类稍多。 用HPLC方法对粘虫成虫体内保幼激素进行了研究,并摸索出HPLC分离条件,明确了粘虫成虫体内主要有2种保幼激素,即JHI和JHII。不同日龄飞行对保幼激素的滴度影响不同,但总的来看,飞行会刺激JH的分泌。1日龄飞行12h后雌蛾的JHII滴度在饲养1d以后达到一个峰值,稍稍回落后再继续升高,表现出飞行对咽侧体活性的激活作用。从飞行后两种JH的衍生物(即JHI和JHII)达到峰值的时间来看,JHII比JHI要早1d,JHII在飞行后4d(5日蛾龄)达到较高值,而JHI则在飞行后5d达到。由1日龄飞行激活咽侧体活性、JH有明显升高这种现象,推断1日龄飞行会刺激粘虫的生殖行为。但JHI和JHII与生殖的相关性尚待明确。3日龄飞行也会刺激咽侧体分泌保幼激素,JHI或者JHII在飞行后6d左右(即7日蛾龄)达到峰值,与正常饲养的粘虫产卵前期差异不大。5日龄飞行的粘虫到了飞行后2d(即7日蛾龄)JH滴度未见明显上升,表明此时的飞行可能会对粘虫的生殖产生负面影响。 对甜菜夜蛾成虫甘油酯和糖原积累的时间动态及不同日龄成虫飞行后能源物质的变化进行了研究,结果显示,2日龄成虫身体干重最高。羽化后2～5日龄雄蛾甘油酯含量显著高于初羽化雄蛾:雌蛾甘油酯积累与雄蛾类似,只有4日龄雌蛾甘油酯含量明显降低。雌蛾糖原含量从初羽化到2日龄急剧升高,然后逐日下降,5日龄又有所回升:雄蛾羽化后到1日龄糖原含中国农业大学博士学位论文摘要...........峨.哪.国量迅速升高,以后的日龄有所波动,不同日龄飞行能源物质的消耗不同。2日龄的成虫飞行24h,糖类和脂类都有明显的消耗;i、4日龄飞行对糖类的消耗影响不明显。除l日龄雌蛾以外,l、4日龄成虫飞行后甘油酚都明显消耗。综合所获结果可以看出,甜菜夜蛾的飞行既能利用脂类,也能利用糖类作为飞行能源:甘油醋是甜菜夜蛾主要的能源贮备物质和飞行的主要能源。关键词:粘虫;甜菜夜蛾;一飞行:生殖;能源物质;咽侧体活性;保幼激素广沙更多还原

【Abstract】 This impact of flight activity on the energy reserves employed, variation of juvenile hormone titer and enzyme activity of the migratory noctuid pest insects Mythimua separata and the energy reserves employed of the other nctuid pest Spodoptera exigua was studied, the major results are as follows:For adult of the migratory oriental armyworm moth,the flight activity of insect in the different eclosion day-old had various impact on the energetic reserves employed and secretion of the juvenile hormone (JH). Compared with the non-flight control, the flight activity of 1 day-old moth had the biggest effects on those two parameters, and the regeneration of energetic reserves in the flying individuals was significantly higher, the recovery of energetic materials in 3 day-old moth was similar to that of non-flight one, and 5 day-old moth displayed lower energetic reserves.The effects of flight activity of different day-old female on JH biosynthesis were confirmed in radiochemical assay. For 1 day-old female, the rate of JH biosynthesis was significantly higher than that of control after 36 hours flight, increased to 10 times of the control when flying for 60 hours, and peaked when flying for 108 hours. The rates of 3 and 5 day-old females were higher and lower than that of control, respectively, but none of them reached significant level.After flight 12 hours, the degeneration of the flight muscles of the moth varied with different day old. The flight muscles of 1 day-old female moth on day-1 were degenerated prior to that of control after 6 day flight, and there was no difference in flight muscles in 3 or 5 day-old females moth between flight and non-flight ones. Therefore, it could be deduced that the critical period for activation of the corpora allata of the migratory oriental armyworm moth is probably between 1 and 3 day after its emergence.The effects of the flight of female oriental armyworm moth on the activities of energetic metabolic related enzymes in the flight muscles were studied. These measured enzymes were glyceraldehydes-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD). In the first 5 minutes of the flight of 3 day-old moth, the activities of all the enzymes which are related to carbohydrate and increased rapidly, the lipid metabolism related enzymes were completely activated, and the activities of HOAD were significantly strengthened. But in flight duration from 5th to 60th minutes, the activities of all energy metabolism related enzymes decreased, suggesting that the flight was going to stabilization. High levels of GDH and LDH activities during flight suggested that both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism happened in flight muscle. The ratio of GAPDH: HOAD suggested that not only lipid, but also carbohydrate in the female, could be employed as energy substrates in the process of flight activity.Juvenile hormones (JH) could be effectively separated by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The experiment was conducted on JH isolation and measurement in M. separate moth. Two JH homologues (JHI and JHII) were detected in the corpora allata (CA) of both male and female moth, and the main one was JHII. The JH titers in CA of M. separate moth varied with different day-old moth’s flight, but generally the flight could stimulate JH secretion in CA. For 1day-old moth, after 12 hours flight then feeding, JH titer reached peak level in first feeding day, decreased slightly, and then increased with the feeding time, showing the stimulation of JH secretion by flight. According to the peak time of both JH homologue titers, the peak level of JHII and JHI appeared in the 4th and 5th feeding day, respectively.Based on the result that flight activity could stimulate the CA activity of lday-old moth, resulting in JH titer increasing significantly, a inference could be obtained that flight behavior in 1 day-old moth could stimulate moth fecundity behavior, but the correlation between JH titer and fecundity更多还原