【作者】 田国行；

【导师】 宇振荣； 胡林；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业大学 ， 生态学， 2005， 博士

【摘要】 本文在分析国内外绿地系统规划理论研究进展的基础上,系统提出了绿地景观规划的基本原理,即生态原理、形态原理、文态原理、心态原理;探讨了绿地景观的生态服务功能,形态服务功能,文态服务功能,心态服务功能:并将理论和实践相结合,研究了郑州西南绕城高速公路绿地系统建设、洛阳市绿地景观规划。评价绿地景观规划的科学性与艺术性也主要是考察规划是否符合生态原理、形态原理、文态原理、心态原理。生态、形态、文态、心态功能的耦合与协调是完善的绿地系统的标志。 绿地景观规划的生态原理表明,只有提高绿地缀块之间的景观连接度,构建相互联系的绿地系统,才能发挥绿地系统的整体生态服务功能:从规划入手,溶解专用绿地与附属绿地、溶解公园、溶解建筑、维持河流与山体的自然属性与完整性、增建具有生态学意义的带状绿地、建立一专多能的生态防护体系是提高绿地生态服务功能的有效途径;导入恢复生态学原理,实施开敞空间优先规划是解决我国城市生态环境问题的必由之路。 形态与文态是绿地规划中两个相辅相成的因素;绿地的形态美,体现空间构成的合理性与尺度、比例、色彩、韵律的适度性,绿地文态体现在人们畅神于其间,得到心灵的升华与精神的超脱,汇聚具有特定意义的“场所精神”;绿地形态是文态的载体,文态是形态的灵魂,二者的完美结合,构成了绿地的慰籍功能,慰藉功能实际上是绿地文态与形态在为达到统一过程中而努力具备的一种合目的性的理性因素;绿地的形态服务功能就是完善城市形态、创造抑扬顿挫、开闭有致的优美的户外活动空间;绿地的文态服务功能在于构成绿地空间的灵魂、承载历史文化、恢复人文精神、提升文化质量、创造地域文化氛围。 以人为本原则、舒适性原则、个性化原则、社交性原则、安全性原则是合理布局游园绿地的基本原则;构成区域总体特征或具有某种历史、文化氛围的环境意象,靠的是连续的、由各种意象元素整体组合与有机联系,绿地规划必须从总体出发加强空间意向的总体塑造;从景观学的角度探讨了“路径”、“节点”、“边缘”、“区域”、“标志物”五要素绿地规划的意义,即由五大要素共同构成的空间的合理布局才是一个完整和完善的景观,才能塑造城市与地域的风貌与特色。 对郑州西南绕城高速公路绿地景观建设技术的研究表明,工程选线、工程设计、工程施工与生态防护四位一体的景观与生态防护设计是合理利用资源、降低工程成本、减少环境影响、增大综合受益的绿地景观建设的有效途径;以小拱形框架、混肥、喷浆植草类型为主的模式是公路边坡生态防护最佳模式;采用国际先进的喷浆快速恢复植被技术,以护坡骨架为基础,使用多种形式的种植技术,形成高速公路乔、灌、花、草、藤多维生态防护的途径是有效控制挖方生土斜面水土流失的有力措施。 以高速公路绿地景观建设为例,应用“恢复生态学”与“生态服务”理论和方法,把生态防护的生态效益转化为社会效益与经济价值,使生态防护从定性到定量,再从定量发展到社会效益与经济价值,更全面地反映生态防护的作用;项目区全面实施生态防护后,植物固定CO:价值量增加6.4倍,释放02价值量增加6.4倍,土壤保持水的价值量增加1.3倍,滞尘量增加5.2倍,涵养水源价值增加4.1倍,营养物质循环与贮存价值量增加6倍,水土流失量减少为原来的1/12,实现了走生态防护、景观优化、产业开发、旅游观光的综合发展之路。 在洛阳市绿地系统规划中运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术和法国SPOTS卫星遥感数据,对洛阳市现有绿地信息进行数据采集、分析、处理、存储。完成了洛阳市绿化覆盖率、绿地率和公共绿地的统计。利用GIS的空间分析功能分析绿地空间格局,就城市绿地空间结构、布局、数量、形态以及存在的问题进行了分析,为规划决策提供了新的依据。 鉴于洛阳市绿地系统多样性指数和绿地均匀指数较低,破碎度指数较高,规划须进一步完善洛阳山水一体的多环形市域绿地系统,突出洛阳三山、四水、三轴、四楔的优越自然环境。城围,大面积营造一专多能的生态经济林,以揪树、牡丹、雪松为主体,构建一专多用的森林生态系统;城区,以河流廊道、放射型干道绿地、环形带状绿地、楔形绿地为骨架,以公园绿地为缀块、以附属绿地为基质;加大绿地之间连接度,均匀布置绿地斑块,拓宽带状绿地,增加植物品种;构建生态、形态、文态、形态服务功能相互祸合、相互联系的绿地网络生态系统。 作为探索,将洛阳厚重的历史文化融入绿地环境之中,旨在揭示文化内涵,昭示古都历史,丰富名城特色,弘扬“大道文化”。具体规划为六大绿地体系:遗址显示绿地体系,隋唐城遗址展示绿地体系,标志物绿地体系,诗廊文碑绿地体系,城市雕塑绿地体系,历史名园绿地体系。 隋唐里坊遗址区将发展成城市中心区,在未来洛阳所起的作用有四:一、构成城市的生态核心,具有生态调节功能;二、构成开敞性绿地空间,形成城市空间形态极具精华的部分;三、构成城市极具洛阳特征的文化环境,即隋唐文化氛围;四、构成洛阳中观层次上的市民引以自豪的城市休闲区,北傍洛河,南眺龙门,东依伊河,西接新区。本文以较大的篇幅探讨寻找区域文脉与历史的认同与居民的归属感,意在探讨该区在城市空更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the analysis of theoretical research on Planning of Urban Green Space System at home and abroad, this thesis systematically puts forward four basic principles of Green Space Landscape Planning: ecological principle, morphologic principle, culture principle and mentality principle. Green Space Landscape Planning has the service function of ecology, morphology, culture and mentality. The thesis also applies the theory to practices in the construction of expressway Green Space Landscape Planning and planning of Luoyang city green space ecological system .The sciences and art of Planning of Urban Green Space System are mainly evaluated by its conformity to the four basic principles. The coupling and harmonious functions among ecology, morphology, culture and mentality symbolize a perfect Green Space Landscape Planning .The ecological principle shows that only if the separate green patches are connected much closely and a correlative urban green ecological system is constructed, it can play full ecological service function. It also reveals that the effective way to strengthen such function is to proceed from the plan, dissolve special and auxiliary green land parks and constructions, keep the nature and completeness of rivers and mountains, increase the area of ecological ribbon-type green land, and establish an ecological shelterbelt network which is expert in one thing and versatile at many. And the only way to solve ecoenvironmental problems of cities is to give priority to the open space guided by the principle of ecology restoration.Morphology and culture are two important aspects involved in the plan. The beauty of morphology embodies the rationality of space structure and property of scale, proportion, color and rhyme scheme. The culture aspect, representing the collection of particular "place spirit", makes people get sublimation of heart and detachment of spirit when enjoy it. Morphology is culture’s carrier, and culture is morphology’s soul. The perfect combination of the two aspects forms green land’s solace function. The morphology function serves for perfecting city’s morphology, creating the comfortable outside activity space which is dotted with green land. The culture function serves for shaping the soul of green space, bearing historical culture, rendering spiritual comfort, promoting culture quality and creating the atmosphere of regional culture.The basic principles of the rational plan of park green are human-oriented principle, comfortable principle, personalized principle, social principle and safe principle. The environmental image with overall character of a region or some historical culture atmosphere is built up by the whole combination and organically connection of a series of continuous and various elements. In view of landscape, the paper analyses the appliance offive elements - path, node, edge, region and landmark - to the Plan. A completeand perfect landscape space should be formed on the rational space design constituted by the five elements. Hence, the features and characters of city and region will be molded.The research into the constructive technology of Green Space Landscape Planning on southwest round expressway of Zhengzhou City shows that the united landscape and ecological shelterbelt networks combining engineering site choice, design, construction and ecological protection can make a rational use of resources, lower the production cost, reduce the pollution to environment and increase integral benefits. It is the effective way to Green Space Landscape Planning construction. A comparative trial mentioned in the paper reveals that in order to prevent soil erosion on highways’ side slopes, we should form a multi-shelterbelt of arbor, bush, flower, grass, vine by adopting the international advanced spray-paint technology to rapidly recover the vegetation and other various planting technology.Take the ecological shelterbelt network on the expressway as an example. By applying the "ecology restoration" and "ecological service" theories and methods to practice, we can turn th更多还原