【作者】 李晓丹；

【导师】 王其亨；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 17-18 世纪,中西双方展开大规模文化交流,促进了双方社会的发展。交流的深度和广度涉及到哲学、宗教、自然科学和文学艺术等方面。从建筑领域来看,中国的园林艺术、家具、瓷器等造型工艺对西方产生重要影响,形成所谓“中国艺术风格”,由此,西方在 18 世纪出现了“洛可可”艺术和自由布局的“自然风景园”、“英中式”园林;同时,中国也接纳了西式建筑,以圆明园西洋楼的创作而达到顶峰。长期以来,中外学者对这一时期的建筑文化交流存在争议,就国内目前状况而言,对中西双方在建筑文化领域交流方面的理论研究始终没有深入展开,存在空白。 本研究结合当时国内外社会历史背景,对 17-18 世纪(中国明清之际)中国建筑文化对西方的影响和西方建筑文化对中国的影响进行了分析研究。 研究内容包括: (1)上篇—背景:中西建筑文化交流由来已久,本研究以国内外相关领域的研究成果为基础,对 17-18 世纪期间中国史、世界史、中西关系以及中国与西方各自政治、文化、经济的情况进行了对比及探讨,概述了此时期中西建筑文化交流状况。 (2)中篇—西学东渐中的中国建筑:首先,研究了当时国人对西式建筑的整体认识状况。在此基础上,分析并阐明这一时期西式建筑在中国的发展状况以及发展历程,进而分别从教堂建筑、商业建筑、园林及园林建筑等建筑类型入手,对西方建筑在中国的发展历程、对中国建筑的影响作了深入研究。最后,对建筑的其他方面,如建筑技术、建筑材料、建筑师队伍组成、建筑画、建筑装饰等方面作了分析。 (3)下篇—中学西传中的西方建筑:这一时期,“中国热”席卷整个西方,对西方洛可可艺术风格的产生起了巨大的作用。与此同时,中国园林艺术传入西方,打破了西方古典园林艺术一统天下的局面,使西方产生了新的园林形式—自由布局的风景园林。本篇通过对这一时期西方人对中国建筑的认识过程的阐述,分别对西方室内装饰的变化、洛可可艺术的产生过程及其与中国建筑艺术的关系、中国园林西传等问题进行了深入分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large-scale cultural communion between China and the West from the 17thcentury to the 18th century accelerated the social development of both sides. Thedepth and the extent of this communion involved philosophy, religion, naturalscience, literature and art. Seen from the architecture area, plastic arts, includingChinese landscape garden, furnishings and porcelain, etc, influenced the Westinsignificantly and Chinese artistic style came into being in the West. Therefore,“rococo” art and freedom layout, “Natural Landscape Gardens”, “Anglo-Chinois”Gardens appeared in the West in 18th century. Meanwhile, China acceptedWestern–style architecture and reached its top for “the Western Building” creation inWinter Palace. Over a long period of time, dispute of architectural culture existedbetween Chinese and western scholars. As far as it goes, theoretical study has notbeen lucubrated and there still existed vacancy in architectural culture communionbetween China and the West. In terms of social and historical background at home and abroad during 17th -18th century, (In Ming and Qing dynasty, China), this study focused on analysis ofChinese architectural culture’s influence to the West and vice versa. The study is as follows, Chapter 1, background. Architectural culture communion between China andthe West has originated and carried through for a long time. Based on the relativestudy achievements in home and abroad, this chapter first compared and discussedChinese and western history, their relation, different politics, culture and economysituation respectively during the 17th and the 18th century. Then, Chinese and westernarchitectural culture communion status at this period was summarized. Chapter 2, Chinese architecture during western architectural culture absorption.In this chapter, general understandings of domestic people to western architecturalstyle were studied first. Then, the western architecture development status and itscourse in China at this period were analyzed and illustrated on the basis ofdocuments mentioned above. Further more, western architecture development inChina and its’ influence to China were lucubrated according to many architecturalstyles, as religious architecture, commercial architecture, garden and parkarchitecture. In the end, the other aspects of architecture, including architectural 4<WP=7>technology,architectural material, architectural art, architect term, architectural paintand architectural furnishings, etc, were analyzed in details. Chapter 3, Western architecture during Chinese architectural cultureintroduction. In this period, “Chinoiserie” (中国热)sweeping in the West, resultedin “rococo” style appearance. In the mean time, Chinese garden arts’ introductioninto the West broke western classic garden art predomination and, new garden style,freedom layout of natural landscape garden appeared in the West. In view ofexpatiation of the occidental’s understanding course to Chinese architecture, thischapter illustrated indoor furnishings variation, “rococo” appearance in the West andits’ connection with Chinese architectural art, and Chinese garden art spread in theWest thoroughly.更多还原