后遥感应用技术及其在鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀资源勘查中的应用

【作者】 叶发旺；

【导师】 刘德长； 仉宝聚；

【作者基本信息】 核工业北京地质研究院 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 遥感技术是人类的第二眼晴,是20世纪乃至今天发展速度最快的信息技术之一,在国民经济建设各领域中均有不同程度的应用,产业化前景广阔。铀资源勘查领域是遥感技术众多应用领域中的重要一个。导师刘德长研究员于2002年提出了“后遥感应用技术”的新理念。该理念的提出概括和拓展了遥感技术现有的应用方法和与其他现代信息技术的关系,加深了遥感技术与各应用行业传统技术的联系,有利于促进中国遥感技术产业化的步伐,具有重要的理论和实际意义。 本论文在上述基础上,着重对后遥感应用技术理念的提出背景,技术内涵,技术方法以及其在铀资源勘查中的应用等方面进行了研究。论文第一章介绍了遥感技术和其他现代信息技术的发展和应用现状,以及鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀资源勘查的研究现状,引出全文的研究目标和研究内容等。第二章深入阐述了后遥感应用技术理念的提出背景、技术内涵、技术构成和应用思路。第三章根据铀资源勘查后遥感应用技术的技术构成和研究内容,先对遥感、航放、重力、航磁四种信息的相关性进行了初步探讨,然后对后遥感应用技术中的一部分重点和难点技术进行了研究,主要包括:多光谱遥感信息和高光谱数据的处理技术;铀资源勘查后遥感应用信息数据库的构建技术;DTM自动提取技术;虚拟地质环境构建技术等。在此基础上,对Erdas、Arcgis等不同信息处理和应用软件平台间的数据互操作技术进行了探讨。第四章针对当前砂岩型铀矿勘查领域对断裂构造的研究不足,选择鄂尔多斯盆地北部为研究区,以断裂构造特征研究为重点,以遥感、航磁、重力、地震等为主要信息源,对后遥感应用技术进行了实践。第五章总结全文,得出主要结论,并对将来的研究提出了展望。通过上述研究,取得了如下主要研究成果:(1)深入剖析了后遥感应用技术的提出背景和重要意义,探讨了其技术内涵,厘定了铀资源勘查后遥感应用技术的技术构成,并确定了其主要研究内容和应用思路,为在铀资源勘查领域遥感信息的深入挖掘和深化应用指明了方向和技术思路。(2)对铀资源勘查后遥感应用技术的部分重点和难点技术进行了研究和探讨,包括:研究了基于经验参量的多光谱遥感信息深化处理技术;探讨了Hyperion高光谱遥感数据处理技术;建立了以ArcGis8.3为平台的鄂尔多斯盆地北部铀资源勘查后遥感应用信息数据库;确定了基于Spot5立体像对的DTM自动提取技术的技术流程,并提取了东胜矿区大比例尺DTM数据;研究了以Multigen虚拟现实软件平台为基础的虚拟地质环境构建技术,获得了虚拟地质环境的建模方法、视景驱动技术流程和程序设计方法等。在上述技术方法研究的基础上,对Erdas8.6、Envi4.0、Arcgis8.3、Multigen等不同信息处理和应用软件平台间的数据互操作技术进行了探讨。上述技术方法的研究为最终实现虚拟勘查技术的构想奠定了良好的技术基础,为建立铀资源勘查数字勘查区系统做出了良好的开端。(3)在铀矿地质系统内初步建立了第一个具有地质含义的示范性东胜矿区虚拟地质环境实时漫游系统。该系统对包括东胜市和已发现的东胜铀矿床在内近1600km2的野外地形地貌、局部地区的中侏罗统直罗组上下段、白垩纪地层进行了较逼真地虚拟显示。它的初步建立为虚拟现实技术引入铀矿地质科学研究迈出了重要的第一步,是铀资源勘查信息化进程的重要事件。 <WP=5>(4)根据应用实践,从物理意义相关性, 地质规律深度相关性, 时态相关性, 平面赋存规律相关性, 信息相关性的作用机理五个方面对遥感、航放、重力、航磁四种信息的相关性进行了初步探讨,为今后从定性和定量上深入研究后遥感应用技术中遥感信息与其他地学信息之间的相关性开拓了一个良好的开端。(5)通过遥感信息对鄂尔多斯盆地北部断裂构造的研究,发现鄂尔多斯盆地北部发育以北西西向为主的线性构造,并验证了其具有断裂构造、节理或裂隙、地貌陡崖三种地质含义;确定了研究区准格尔召-泊江海子-本害敖包北西西向构造带的存在,为从东胜矿区向西部延伸找矿提供了重要的构造依据。(6)通过遥感信息与重力、航磁、地震等其他地学信息相结合,对鄂尔多斯盆地北部的深浅部断裂构造特征及其关系进行了深入的研究,确定了研究区断裂构造的集中发育区和具有长期活动特征的断裂构造。这些认识和成果对指导研究区砂岩型铀成矿远景预测具有一定的指导意义。(7)研究认为,研究区断裂构造经历了多次构造反转,不同时期有不同的活动性质。中侏罗世燕山运动,断裂活动以压性逆断层为主;早白垩世,断裂构造反转,以正断层活动为主,对研究区砂岩型铀成矿很有利;新生代以来,多数断层总体表现为正断层的性质,对研究区砂岩型铀成矿也有利,但对早期形成的铀矿可能有一定的破坏作用。(8)在遥感图像上发现研究区存在泊江海子环形构造。研究表明,该环形构造是地表隆起,深部局部凹陷的特殊含油气构造。环形构造的深部凹陷可能主要形成于晚侏罗世-早白垩世,而地表地貌的相对隆起则是早白垩世之后多次构造运动的产物。不管是前者还是后者都可能与长期活动的君土梁-泊江海子逆冲断层有关。(9)发现研究区遥感信息反映出来的地表还原性强度由南向北有三分带特征,它与上古生界深盆气三分带特征类似。研究表明,上述两种分带特征均与断裂构造有一定的关?更多还原

【Abstract】 Remote Sensing technology is another pair of human eyes, and one of rapid- developing information technologies in the 20th century and even now. In varying degrees, it has already been used in many different fields of national economy construction, and there is a wide prosperity of its industrialization. Of these fields of RS technology application, the uranium resources exploration is also an important branch.A new concept—“Post Remote Sensing Application Technology(PRSAT)”, proposed by the supervisor Liu De-chang in 2002, not only summarizes but also expands the relationship between the recent application method of RS technology and other modern information technology, and deepens the link of RS technology to traditional technology in various application industries. It is beneficial for promoting the industrialization of China’s RS technology, and is of highly important theoretical and practical significance. On the basis of the new concept, this thesis puts emphasis on its proposed background, technologic meaning, technologic method and the application to the uranium resources exploration. The first chapter of the thesis introduces the development and the application status of RS technology and other modern information technology, as well as the recent research on uranium exploration in northern Ordos basin, by which the research aim and content of the thesis are put forward. The second chapter deeply deals with the proposed background, technologic meaning, technologic construction and application ideas of PRSAT. According to the technologic construction and study contents of PRSAT in the uranium resources exploration, the third chapter makes a primary discussion on relativity among RS information and aero-radioactivity information, gravity information and aero-magnetic information at first. Then, some important and hard technologies of PRSAT are studied and discussed. They mainly include: the processing techniques of multi-spectral and hyper-spectral RS information; the construction technique of post remote sensing application information database of uranium resources exploration; DTM auto-drawing technique; and the construction technique of virtual geologic environment, etc. Based on above technology study, data cooperation technique between different software platform such as Erdas and Arcgis, etc. is discussed. In the forth chapter, aiming at the inadequacy in fault structure study at sandstone-host uranium deposit at present, taking northern Ordos basin as an important study area, the PRSAT is put into practical application research. In the research project, the study of fault structure is taken as the emphasis, and the RS, gravity, aero-magnetic and seismic information are regarded as the main information sources. In the last chapter, the author makes a conclusion and raises a prospect for <WP=7>future study. Through the above research work, following main achievements are obtained. (1) The proposed background and the important significance of Post Remote Sensing Application Technology are deeply analyzed, and its technologic means are discussed. Moreover, the technologic construction, main research contents and application idea of PRSAT to uranium resource exploration are also defined. All the above study results out a direction and technologic idea for deeply digging and applying the RS information to uranium resources exploration. (2) Some of important and difficult technologies of PRSAT are put forward, studied and discussed. They include deeply processing technology of multi-spectral RS information based on experiential parameters; discussion of the processing technology of hyperion hyper-spectral data; construction of the post remote sensing application information database of uranium resources exploration of northern Ordos basin on the basis of Arcgis8.3 software platform; the determination of the DTM auto-drawing technologic flow based on spot5 stereoscopic pair, and the extraction of large-scale of the DEM data of Dongsheng ore district; the acquisition of the construction technology o更多还原