【作者】 董海洲；

【导师】 陈建生；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 岩土工程， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 本文提出用热源法对堤坝渗漏进行定性和定量的研究，借鉴环境同位素示踪和人工示踪理论的研究成果，利用环境同位素方法对堤坝渗漏问题进行调查，并提出了人工示踪广义稀释模型。 首先，利用温度在地层和库水中分布规律的不同，提出用热源法定性研究堤坝的渗漏问题。地层温度的分布规律是温度随深度的增加而升高，而对于库水而言，通常是温度随库水深度增加而递减的。而在钻孔测量温度时，由于地下水流动的影响，钻孔温度曲线将发生异常变化。据此，就可以利用热源法定性地判断堤坝渗漏的途径。 其次，利用热源法建立了堤坝渗漏的两个定量计算模型。1)建立了堤坝管涌渗漏持续线热源模型。若在一段时间内堤坝的管涌渗漏流速变化相对较小，则渗漏水可以看作是一个持续作用的线热源，在这段时间内线热源的强度与渗漏流速有关，通过研究管涌滲漏水对地层温度的影响，利用热源法的原理建立管涌渗漏的持续线热源法模型。2)建立了堤坝渗漏虚拟热源法模型。与堤坝管涌渗漏持续线热源模型不同的是，虚拟热源法模型研究的对象是长期较为稳定的堤坝管涌渗漏，将堤坝管涌水看作线热源，假设存在一个虚拟的热源，地层温度是由真实的热源和虚拟热源共同作用的结果。通过对管道流温度分布的分析，得出由温度分布计算管涌流速的公式。3)根据能量守恒原理，利用热源法对堤坝渗漏进行定量计算。渗漏水与周围地层将进行热量的交换。低温的渗漏水从地层中吸收热量，而地层则释放出热量。根据能量守恒原理，这两个热量是相等的。由此可以推测出可能的渗漏区域并计算其渗漏量。 人工示踪方法已在堤坝渗漏探测中得到很多应用。但是，传统点稀释方法由于孔中垂向流的存在以及其它稀释因素的影响，其应用受到限制。针对这一状况，本文对人工示踪方法进行了研究，建立了人工示踪广义稀释模型，对各种情况下模型的应用进行了探讨，并讨论了不同情况下流场畸变系数α的选取。所建立的广义稀释模型可以放宽点稀释方法的限制条件，可以定量地同时测定出地下水的水平流速和垂向流速，扩大了人工示踪方法的应用范围。 温度和环境同位素示踪方法同属于天然示踪方法，且前者是后者的重要影响因素。本文利用环境同位素示踪方法对堤坝渗漏问题进行分析，作为热源法的辅助方法，使两者相互印证，结论更趋于合理。同时，利用人工广义稀释方法对热源法定量计算模型进行了验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 Heat resource method is used to study the leakage of dam and dyke qualitatively and quantitatively in this dissert. Environmental tracer and artificial tracer methods are also introduced to study this problem, and a general artificial tracer model is proposed. The main work is as follows:Firstly, given the difference of temperature distribution in strata and reservoir water, heat resource method is proposed to investigate the leakage of dam. The temperature of strata increases with the depth of strata, whereas with the increasing of depth, the temperature of reservoir water decreases. Moreover, influenced by the movement of groundwater, there will be abnormality in temperature distribution curve in borehole. Therefore, heat resource method can be used to determine the dam leakage location qualitatively.Secondly, two quantitative calculation modes for dam leakage are proposed with the heat resource method. The first one is continue line heat resource model. In this model, under the condition that the variation of pipe flow velocity is low comparatively, the influence of piping water to strata temperature is studied. The second one is dummy heat resource model. Difference from the first one, the research object is stable piping velocity during a comparative period. The piping water is regarded as a line heat resource, supposing there is a dummy heat resource, then the strata temperature is influenced by the real and dummy heat resources simultaneously. Through the analysis of temperature in piping flow, a piping velocity equation is proposed. Moreover, based on the principle of energy conservation, a heat resource method is proposed to calculate the leakage of dam. There will be heat exchange between the leakage water and stratum. The energy of leakage from stratum equals to the energy lost of stratum. It can be used to predict the possible leakage area and calculate the leakage volume of reservoir water.Artificial tracer method has been used to investigate dam leakage problem broadly. However, because of the influence of vertical flow in borehole and other dilution factors, the application of traditional point dilution method is limited. In order to solve this problem, a general artificial tracer model is proposed in this dissert. Moreover, the application of this model under difference conditions is discussed. Flow field aberration coefficient a is also discussed in this model. The general artificial tracer model looses the limitation of traditional point dilution method. With the model, the horizontal and vertical flow velocity of groundwater can be calculated simultaneously. Therefore, the application of artificial tracer method is broaden.Both temperature analysis and environmental isotope tracer method are natural tracer method. Temperature is important influence factor to the distribution of environmental isotope. Therefore, environmental isotope tracer method is used as an assistant method to temperature analysis in order to get more reasonable results. Artificial tracer method is also used to verify the result of heat resource models.更多还原