【作者】 傅新红；

【导师】 戴思锐；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2004， 博士

【摘要】 技术创新是推动农业发展的重要动力。农业品种技术创新是农业技术创新的关键领域之一，对农业发展起着举足轻重的作用。论文对中国农业品种技术创新的研究有两个主要目的：一是剖析农业品种技术创新体系的构成及各子系统的相互联系、分析农业品种技术创新体系运行过程及过程体系的衔接与协调，探寻农业品种技术创新的内在规律。二是借鉴典型国家的经验，构建适合中国国情的适应农业发展新形势要求的新型农业品种技术创新体系。 一、研究思路 论文以知识经济、技术创新、制度创新和系统理论等为指导，立足于农业品种技术创新过程，构建农业品种技术创新体系的研究框架。从过程体系、组织体系、支撑体系三个维度对农业品种技术创新体系进行理论阐释。以此为基础，通过对美国、法国、印度三个典型国家农业品种技术创新成功经验的概括、总结，为中国农业品种技术创新体系改革提供有益的启示；通过对中国农业品种技术创新体系的现状透视、问题剖析、原因分析和创新绩效评价，总结经验，反思教训。最后，结合农业品种技术创新面临的新形势和新任务，提出构建新型中国农业品种技术创新体系的政策建议。 二、主要研究结论 1、农业品种技术创新是一个特殊面重要的技术创新领域。农业品种技术创新是农业品种技术与农业发展的互动过程；是有关的组织和制度体系形成、变革和发挥作用的过程。农业品种技术创新活动具有创新对象的复杂性、活动的系统性、过程的长期性、投入的风险性、主体的多元性、效益的外部性等特征。 2、农业品种技术创新的过程特征是：多环节、关联性、制约性和双向性。农业品种技术创新过程分为研究开发、传播、物化、推广、应用五个主要环节。研究开发是源头，应用是目的。创新各环节依次演进，相互承接，前一环节的完成是后一环节开始的前提和条件，后续环节对前面环节发挥检验作用。创新过程分为正向演进和逆向反馈两个方面。某一环节运行不畅或中断，都会影响创新效率或中止创新。百甫农业大学2004月协士今位论文 3、农业品种技术创新的主体特征是:多元性、互补性、合作性和竞争性。农业品种技术创新有六大主体:即政府、农业品种技术研究开发机构、农业品种技术传播机构、种子(种畜禽等)企业、品种技术推广机构、农民和农业生产企业。政府是特殊的创新主体，在创新活动中居于领导地位。不同创新主体的行为目标不同，各主体的行为相互补充，在某些环节既有合作，又存在一定程度的竞争。 4、农业品种技术创新体系是一个多层次的、、动态的复合系统。农业品种技术创新体系由过程体系、组织体系、支撑体系三个子系统构成，每个子系统内部又由若干分系统组成。三个子系统相互关联，互为补充。过程体系是创新的基础，组织体系是创新的载体，支撑体系是创新的保障.子系统的结构和功能直接影响农业品种技术创新体系的整体功能和效率。 S、典型国家农业品种技术创新体系发展提供了有益的启示奋美国、法国、印度三个典型国家农业品种技术创新实践证明，完善的组织、‘政府强有力的支持、创新合作、私人企业的推动和充足的创新资金支持是农业品种技术创新体系富有活力和成效的重要保证。 ‘、政府主导着中国农业品种技术创新体系。我国农业品种技术创新体系的建立和发展、创新战略和发展方向、创新组织分布格局和主体行为均受到政府强烈的干预和影响，主要的创新组织从属于政府，创新投入主要依靠政府，等等。政府主导推动着创新进程，但是，也带来一些负面影响。 7、中国农业品种技术创新体系有一定成效。经过50多年的不懈努力，我国农业品种技术创新体系基本形成，取得了水稻杂种优势利用等突破性的创新成果，在某些领域具有国际竞争力。农业品种技术创新为我国结束农产品短缺时代，进入农业结构战略性调整的新阶段，保障粮食安全，实现农业和国民经济可持续发展奠定了坚实基础。 8、现有的中国农业品种技术创新体系需要变革。我国农业品种技术创新体系存在着过程脱节、组织松散、体系庞大、支撑乏力等问题。体系内部结构不协调、功能不健全，体系外部的体制性障碍、运行环境条件不良等导致创新体系运行效率不高，需要对农业品种技术创新体系进行变革.三、主要创新点 1、从农业品种技术创新过程的内在联系出发，从系统的角度对农亚品种技术创新的内在机制进行研究，揭示了不同创新环节的关联性及运行机制、创新过程协调对创新绩效的影响。突破了已有研究孤立地分析创新环节的局限，使得对农业品种技术创新的研究更为系统、全面。 2、从创新成果自身性质出发，明确进行了农业品种技术创新的公共物品和私人物品的领域划分，界定了各自的职能和作用范围，为农业品种技术创新体系改革提供了依据。 东针对农业品种技术研究开发和推广环节长期脱节的现实问题，提出在省一级把大学的创新要素与现有政府农业技术推广组织体系进行整合，通过组织创新促使农业品种技术创新的、教育紧密地结合。摘县..目‘翻吕二翻..吕田..日. 四、对策建议1、协调创新过程体系。通过制度创新、组织创新、主体协同、利益调整、?更多还原

【Abstract】 The technological innovation is the important motive force of promoting the development of agriculture. As one of the key fields of agricultural technological innovation, the agricultural variety technological innovation plays a very important role to agricultural development. The two major goals in the study of the agricultural variety technological innovation problem in China are: (1)The first is to dissect the composition of the agricultural variety technological innovation system and the connection of its subsystem, analyze its course and the link-up and coordination of its course system in order to seek its inherent rule. (2)The second is to learn the experience from representative countries, structure a agricultural variety technological innovation system that is suitable for the actual conditions of China and adapt to the agriculture development in the new situation.1. IDEAL FOR STUDYFounded on the knowledge economy, technological innovation, institution innovation and systematic theory etc, the thesis establishes the research frame of agricultural variety technological innovation and the innovative system through the study on agricultural variety technological innovation course. The experience of agricultural variety technological innovation system in representative countries such as U.S.A. etc, are summarized and recommend as reference for Chinese innovation in same aspect. Through the analysis of the current situation, issues, reason of China agricultural variety innovation system and evaluating its innovative performance learn the lessons from such experience. Based on this, combining with new situation and new task faced in agricultural variety technological innovation, propose the target, task and ideal of development of its system construction. From three-linked aspect, agricultural variety course system, organizing system and support system, construct and perfect the agricultural variety technological innovation system of China in order to promote the sustainable innovation of agriculturalvariety technology.2. MAIN RESULTS OF STUDY(1) The agricultural variety technological innovation is a special and important technological innovation field. Its essence is to obtain the more and the better new agricultural varieties in order to promote the social welfare. It can be divided into two layers, microcosmic and macroscopic, and own such characteristics as complexity, systematicness, long-term, high risk, plural subject, benefit overflow etc.(2) The course characteristic of agricultural variety technological innovation are: Multiple- link , correlation, conditionality and two-way. The agricultural variety technological innovation course can be divided into five key links, R&D, spread, materialization, extension and use. It is a source to R&D, it is a purpose to use. It will reduce the innovative efficiency or terminate the innovation if a certain link cannot be run smoothly or cut off.(3) The subject characteristic of agricultural variety technological innovation is: pluralism, complementarity, cooperation and competitiveness. Subject plurality of agricultural variety technology innovation. There are six major subjects in the agricultural variety technological innovation: government, agricultural variety R&D organization, spread organization, seed (breeding, stock, birds etc.) enterprise, extension organization, peasants and agricultural manufacturing enterprise. As a special subject the government occupies the leadership in the innovative activity. Though each subject has its own performance target, they connected with each other. There is cooperation and competition of a certain degree in some links.(4) The agricultural variety technological innovation is a multi-levels, dynamic complex system. It is formed by course system, organizing system and supporting system. The three parts serving as the foundation, carrier and guarantee in turn promote the agricultural variety technological innovation activity together.(5) Enlightenment of agricultural variety technological innovation in the typical countries.更多还原